Adherence to EAU/ESPU guidelines in the management of undescended testes Survey

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* 1. How would you describe your current position?

Paediatric Urologist

Paediatric Surgeon, special interest urology

Paediatric Surgeon, general

Adult Urologist, special interest paediatrics

Bladder Physician

Clinical Nurse Specialist Urology or Spina Bifida

Paediatric Surgery/Urology Fellow / SPR / Senior Reg

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* 2. How many years have you been practicing (including residency)?

<5 years

5 - 10 years

10-20 years

>20 years

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* 3. Gender

Female

Male

Other

Prefer not to say

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* 4. What level of institution do you practice in?

Tertiary Referral Paediatric Hospital

General Paediatric Hospital

Adult hospital with dedicated Paediatric Department

District General Hospital

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* 5. What region do you work in?

EU country

Outside the EU

Please specify

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* 6. On average, how many orchidopexies do you perform per year?

0-20

20-40

40-60

> 60

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* 7. At what age do you offer orchidopexy to your patients with undescended testes?

Before 12 months

Before 18 months

Before 2 years

Before 3 years

Other (please specify)

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* 8. How do you manage retractile testes?

Conservatively (Watch and wait)

Surgical Intervention

Hormonal therapy (HCG or GnRH)

Other (please specify)

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* 9. Do you offer close follow up (until puberty) to boys with retractile testes?

Yes

Sometimes

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* 10. Do you evaluate male neonates with bilateral non palpable testes for possible Disorder of Sex Development?

Yes

Sometimes - please specify

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* 11. In cases of non-palpable testes what would you recommend?

Laparoscopy

MRI

Ultrasonography

Exploration of the inguinal canal

Other - please specify

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* 12. Do you offer hormonal therapy (hCG or GnRH) to facilitate testicular descent? (Multiple answers possible)

In unilateral palpable undescended testis

In bilateral palpable undescended testes

In unilateral impalpable undescended testis

In bilateral impalpable undescended testis

Never

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* 13. Do you offer hormonal therapy to improve fertility potential? (Multiple answers possible)

In unilateral palpable undescended testis

In bilateral palpable undescended testes

In unilateral impalpable undescended testis

In bilateral impalpable undescended testis

Never

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* 14. For an undescended testis in a post pubertal boy or older, with a normal contralateral testis, do you discuss removal with the patients/parents because of the theoretical risk of a later malignancy?

Yes

Sometimes - please specify

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* 15. If at laparoscopy a peeping testicle (testis close to internal ring) is identified, how would you proceed?

Orchidopexy (inguinal orchidopexy or laparoscopic assisted)

Staged Fowler Stephens

Single stage Fowler Stephens

Shehata technique

Other (please specify)

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* 16. If at laparoscopy a high testicle (>2cm from the internal ring) is identified, how would you proceed?

Orchidopexy (inguinal orchidopexy or laparoscopic assisted)

Staged Fowler Stephens

Single stage Fowler Stephens

Shehata technique

Other (please specify)

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* 17. If at laparoscopy blind ending spermatic vessels are identified, how would you proceed? (multiple answers may apply)

No further steps

Exploration of the inguinal canal with removal of testicular nubbin

Fixation of the contralateral single testis

Exploration of the inguinal canal with removal of testicular nubbin + fixation of the contralateral testis

Other - please specify

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* 18. Do you follow the EAU/ESPU 2016 Guidelines when managing undescended testes?

Yes

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* 19. If you selected 'No', please explain why

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* 20. In your clinical practice, which factor has had the greatest influence on the management of undescended testes? (Multiple answers may apply)

Personal experience over the years

Established practice in our institute

Consultant’s preference

International guidelines

What I was trained

Other (please specify)