2017 Basic Immunology in Medicine Pre-Test

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* 1. CTLs can be activated when they recognize:

lipid antigens displayed by CD1 molecules

stressed cells

proteins processed in lysosomes of APCs

ingested proteins cross-presented by DCs

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* 2. CD40...

is expressed only on B cells

is required for T-dependent isotype switching

is mutated in X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome

is required for IgM secretion

binds to Class II MHC

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* 3. Which is a family of cytosolic proteins that are innate immune receptors for pathogen associated molecules?

Ig superfamily

Integrins

Toll-like receptors

Nod-like receptors

Defensins

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* 4. Innate immune responses help initiate adaptive immunity mainly by:

Stimulating clonal expansion of T and B cells

Inducing somatic arrangements of immunoglobulin genes in lymphocytes

Inhibiting functions of regulatory T cells

Stimulating migration of naïve T cells into lymph nodes

Inducing dendritic cell migratory functions and costimulatory molecule expression

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* 5. The dominant factor driving CD4+ T cell differentiation toward a particular helper T cell subset is:

The cytokines present in the microenvironment during naïve T cell activation

The level of costimulation provided by antigen presenting cells

The biochemical nature of the antigen recognized by the T cells

The concentration of the antigen present

The presence or absence of antibodies specific for the antigen

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* 6. IL-22 is a key effector cytokine for which subset of T cells?

Th1

Th2

Th17

CTL

Treg

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* 7. The most effective antigen-presenting cells for naïve T lymphocytes are:

Macrophages, because they are the best at phagocytosing microbes

Dendritic cells, because of their location and high expression of MHC molecules and costimulators

B lymphocytes, because they express receptors that specifically bind antigens

Other T lymphocytes, because they are located in the same place as the responding T cells

Endothelial cells, because they are in direct contact with circulating antigens

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* 8. Which chemical form of antigens do T lymphocytes recognize?

Large globular proteins bound to the surface of B cells

Proteins and polysaccharides

Globular proteins bound to MHC molecules

Small peptides bound to MHC molecules

Protein displayed by any molecule on an antigen-presenting cell

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* 9. The major physiological function of CTLA-4 is:

inhibition of antigen-presenting cells

as a circulating immunosuppressive agent

to prevent virus infection

to suppress tumor growth

prevention of T cell reactions against self antigens

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* 10. Which of the following proteins is involved in negative selection of self-reactive T cells in the thymus?

AIRE

Foxp3

Fas

IL-2

All of the above

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* 11. Antigen-specific CD4+ regulatory T cells:

express high levels of CD25

kill B lymphocytes

recognize idiotypic determinants of antigen receptors

are NKT cells that secrete cytokines

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* 12. Most of the genes that confer susceptibility to common autoimmune diseases are:

inherited as mendelian traits

polymorphisms that are also present in healthy individuals but at lower frequencies than in patients with autoimmunity

specific to particular autoimmune diseases

more often mutated in women than in men