Thank you for taking this survey on the status of receiving individual credit for work in game development. The purpose of this survey is to estimate current practices and to see how widely the IGDA Credit Standards have been adopted. Your response should be given based on your individual perspective, experience, or perception. Based on surveys of similar size, estimated completion time is 18-34 minutes for individuals. Crediting Standards Guide 9-2 is available at http://tinyurl.com/igdacreditpdf

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* 1. Describe yourself.

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* 2. In 2006, 48 out of 134 (35%) of Writing SIG respondents said they either "don't ever" or "only sometimes" receive official credit. How is it for you now?

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* 3. Have you ever had any of the following issues with your credit as a game developer?

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* 4. In what area is your company strongest?

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* 5. Does your current company reflect the core philosophy that "Credits are to reflect the role served, not the condition in which the role was served"?

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* 6. Does your current company keep a clear separation of crediting issues and job title or job performance issues?

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* 7. How do you feel about your company's handling of credit issues, objections, or questions?

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* 8. What is the biggest barrier to adopting IGDA credit standards?

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* 9. Has your company adopted the proposed IGDA credit standards?

From this point forward, the term "adopted" can mean formal or informal adoption, whether by decree or endorsement or by custom or practice. "Issues" or "objections" refers to any minor or major policy incident or question, whether or not pursued or resolved, regardless of team satisfaction.

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* 10. For the following INCLUSION RULES, indicate if your company has adopted them (whether or not compliant) and then indicate the other applicable factors listed whether or not there has been any formal adoption.

  Adopted Recent Issues Past Issues On-going objections
INCL.1 – Any person, contractor or employee, who has contributed to the production of the game for at least 5.0% or 30 days (whichever is least) of the project’s total workdays in development must be credited.
1-1. Time on project is to be counted in days the position is held, not hours worked.
1-2. For Leads, it is permissible to omit the ‘Lead’ designation from the credit if the person spent less than 50% of the project’s total workdays in development in a Lead role.
1-3. For non-Leads, if the contribution consists of less than 40% or eight months (whichever is least) of the project’s total workdays in development, then the credit may be listed in a lower tier, e.g. “Additional Programming.”
a. While credits have been just as controversial for who is included as much as who was not included, the more manageable solution is to adopt an inclusive philosophy. Given the nature of intermittent activity in the development process, a simple threshold may not be so unreasonable. Special consideration should not be provided for “crunch days” when determining the number of days for an employee’s contribution to a project. If there are rewards for “crunch,” there is no incentive to reduce it, and there are other ways to reward crunch without affecting crediting practices.

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* 11. For the following INCLUSION RULES, indicate if your company has adopted them (whether or not compliant) and then indicate the other applicable factors listed whether or not there has been any formal adoption.

  Adopted Recent Issues Past Issues On-going objections
INCL.2 – Credit is retained by any person who leaves the company or project prior to the project’s completion, provided they pass Rule INCL.1.
INCL.3 – Credit is retained by any person who is fired or who has engaged in illegal activity not related to their contribution to the project, provided they pass Rule INCL.1.
INCL.4 – “Legacy credit” should be provided in the following circumstances:
4-1. For re-releases or acquired properties that include a previous original work in whole or in part, all of the original developers should be credited above any new credit related to the re-release or adaptation, since the work being purchased by the consumer is fundamentally the original content for all intents and purposes.
4-2. For ported games, credits should show the whole original team at the top, followed by the whole team of the ported version at the bottom, since the work being purchased by the consumer is fundamentally the original content for all intents and purposes.
4-3. For expansion packs, credits should show the whole expansion team at the top, followed by the whole team of the original game at the bottom, since the work being purchased by the consumer is specifically the expanded content.
4-4. For sequels or franchise installments, credit should be provided to the person responsible for creating the original concept, idea, or design known as the “intellectual property.”
b. Typically, there is no resistance until a person with a solitary credit, usually a Lead, realizes he or she must share billing with an ex-contributor.

c. Getting fired is a human resources issue that should have nothing to do with crediting projects. For example, while a few U.S. Representatives have been convicted of criminal activity and removed from office, all of them are still acknowledged as having been U.S. Representatives.

d. Past service should always be acknowledged for the record to avoid the possibility of blacklisting.

Example 1: A North American company acquires a 15 year-old Japanese game and upgrades the graphic style from 8-bit to 16-bit; the original 8-bit Japanese developers should receive credit, including the artists. This credit may be supplemented with new credit for new work (e.g., for added dungeons etc.).

Example 2: In Ubisoft’s Rayman Raving Rabbids, a credit states that the game is based on the characters of Michel Ancel.

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* 12. For the following INCLUSION RULES, indicate if your company has adopted them (whether or not compliant) and then indicate the other applicable factors listed whether or not there has been any formal adoption.

  Adopted Recent Issues Past Issues On-going objections
INCL.5 – [Optional] Credit may be provided to those who have contributed to the original creation of tools, art, programming, sound effects or other assets that are continually used within an ongoing game franchise.
INCL.6 – [Optional] Any person who has contributed to the production of the game for less than 5% of the project’s total workdays in development (or 30 days, whichever is least) may be provided with credit in a “Special Thanks” section, which may be tiered with an “Additional Special Thanks” section.

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* 13. For the following ATTRIBUTION RULES, indicate if your company has adopted them (whether or not compliant) and then indicate the other applicable factors listed whether or not there has been any formal adoption.

  Adopted Recent Issues Past Issues On-going objections
ATTR.1 – Credit must include a name and role, not just a name. Several names may be grouped under one role if it sufficiently defines the role of each person being credited and clearly indicates the discipline of work. Refer to the disciplines in ATTR.9.
ATTR.2 – Credits for work in like disciplines should be grouped together (e.g., Art credits together, Audio credits together).

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* 14. For the following ATTRIBUTION RULES, indicate if your company has adopted them (whether or not compliant) and then indicate the other applicable factors listed whether or not there has been any formal adoption.

  Adopted Recent Issues Past Issues On-going objections
2-1. Where a conflict arises between Rule ATTR.2 and Rule ATTR.5, Rule ATTR.2 should prevail.
2-2. As an [optional] exception to rule ATTR.2, credits for up to five [5] especially noteworthy team members may be listed first, before all other credits, to signify the key visionary team. Credits under this option should replace the equivalent credits in the main section for the individuals concerned. The five maximum corresponds to the number of main disciplines (Design, Programming, Visual Arts, Audio, Production) listed in ATTR.9, although a strict one-per- discipline correspondence is not required.
2-3. As an [optional] exception to rule ATTR.2, credits in one game worked on by two geographically separate teams (e.g. different studios) who are both doing creative work (e.g. Design work in France, Programming in Russia), development credits may be divided by company but this is not recommended. Instead, like disciplines should be grouped together with the company name appearing in parentheses after each name or not at all. If the latter is chosen, separate credits should be added for each company without reference to individuals (e.g. a French studio credited for Design, and a Russian studio credited for programming, but no correlation between individuals and their companies).

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* 15. For the following ATTRIBUTION RULES, indicate if your company has adopted them (whether or not compliant) and then indicate the other applicable factors listed whether or not there has been any formal adoption.

  Adopted Recent Issues Past Issues On-going objections
ATTR.3 – Leads in each discipline should be credited first.
ATTR.4 – (Optional) Senior/junior distinctions should NOT be used in screen credits:
a) unless the distinction applies to managerial, financial, administrative, executive, marketing, public relations, localization, information technology, and customer support
b) if the Senior functions in whole or in part as a hands-on Lead, to prevent functional Leads from losing award attributions. Note: The Senior/Junior appellation is entirely appropriate and encouraged for use in resumes and for job advertisements to distinguish seniority.
Adapting the Game Crediting Guide to survey form to get granular feedback is imperfect. As you continue through the survey, please note that this survey tries to strike a balance between readability and template formats. For example, some items are broken down into pieces for readability when you would prefer to answer those items as a whole. You do not have to answer each piece differently if you prefer to answer those pieces as a whole.
e. Seniority may be reflected in job titles and resumes but is not recommended for screen credit because it often creates problems in identifying appropriate award recipients for industry and press awards. In many cases, a Senior is denied an award in deference to a Lead because the awards group has no way of determining that a Senior is also functioning as a Lead. Furthermore, there is no industry consistency in whether or not a Senior also functions as a Lead. The intention behind the recommendation to avoid “Senior” in screen credits is more important than the universal application thereof; where there is no possible misconception arising out of the “Senior” credit, this rule need not apply.

f. Refer to Rule ATTR.10 for other hierarchical credit, and see the Question and Answer
on this topic in a later section.

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* 16. For the following ATTRIBUTION RULES, indicate if your company has adopted them (whether or not compliant) and then indicate the other applicable factors listed whether or not there has been any formal adoption.

  Adopted Recent Issues Past Issues On-going objections
ATTR.5 – Development credits should be listed ahead of publisher credits and non-creative or non-technical credits, such as managerial, financial, administrative, executive, marketing, public relations, localization, information technology, and customer support positions. Where a conflict arises between Rule ATTR.2 and Rule ATTR.5, Rule ATTR.2 should prevail.
ATTR.6 – When two or more individuals share an identical credit they are to be listed in order of number of days spent working on the project. If the number of days spent on the project is equivalent, or if there is an extenuating circumstance that renders this approach unworkable (abusive practices such as intentional over-working to get top billing or inaccurate time records), individuals are to be listed in alphabetical order (in such a case, it should be clearly marked within the credits, e.g., “Programmers, in alphabetical order”).

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* 17. For the following ATTRIBUTION RULES, indicate if your company has adopted them (whether or not compliant) and then indicate the other applicable factors listed whether or not there has been any formal adoption.

  Adopted Recent Issues Past Issues On-going objections
ATTR.7 – In accordance with Rule METH.3, the number of multiple credits for a single individual should be capped in a reasonable manner in accordance with the threshold in Rule INCL.1 without otherwise forcing the individual to disavow significant contributions in any craft discipline.
7-1. Where Rule INCL.1 precludes another screen credit (e.g. a role performed in less than 30 days), Rule ATTR.10 may or may not be applicable and should be extremely limited in application.
7-2. Fewer credits that are broader in scope may be appropriate to limit the amount of roles and contributions that can be claimed, notwithstanding Rule ATTR.1.
7-3. Managers supervising multiple disciplines should receive a single managerial/executive/producer credit covering all disciplines.
7-4. Leads serving exclusively in managerial and/or executive capacities should receive a single managerial/executive/producer credit covering all managed disciplines.
7-5. Leads serving predominantly but not exclusively in managerial and/or executive capacities should receive a single managerial/executive/producer credit covering all managed disciplines and may also be recognized with specially created credit that refers to the discipline of work and does not replicate the screen credit title of anyone else.
Example 1: A hands-on Programmer is promoted in the middle of a game to a Lead Programmer position whose duties are strictly to manage people.
This person should receive one credit as “Programmer” and one credit as
“Programming Manager.” As an alternative to Programming Manager, Lead Programmer could be used if it does not replicate the screen credit title of anyone else.

Example 2: A jack-of-all-trades designer/programmer/artist is promoted in the middle of a game from a Lead Artist people manager to a Lead Designer people manager. This person should receive one credit as “Manager, Art and Design”, not separate credits.

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* 18. For the following ATTRIBUTION RULES, indicate if your company has adopted them (whether or not compliant) and then indicate the other applicable factors listed whether or not there has been any formal adoption.

  Adopted Recent Issues Past Issues On-going objections
ATTR.8 – [Optional] Team approval is required to limit pressure from authority figures to decline credit. An individual is allowed to refuse his or her own credit if:
a) he or she feels he is not deserving of the credit,
b) the removal is requested in writing, and
c) there is a majority of approval from those in-house team members in the affected discipline of credit.

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* 19. For the following ATTRIBUTION RULES, indicate if your company has adopted them (whether or not compliant) and then indicate the other applicable factors listed whether or not there has been any formal adoption.

  Adopted Recent Issues Past Issues On-going objections
ATTR.9 – [Optional] In general, notwithstanding Rule ATTR.2, disciplines are recommended to appear in this order:
1. Design/Writing
2. Programming/Engineering
3. Visual Arts
4. Audio
5. Production
6. Quality Assurance/Testing
i. The main purpose in this order [above] is to protect the primary recognition of the “visionary” role. While an industry standard for discipline order should arise at some time, at present there appears to be no overwhelming benefit to such requirements.

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* 20. For the following ATTRIBUTION RULES, indicate if your company has adopted them (whether or not compliant) and then indicate the other applicable factors listed whether or not there has been any formal adoption.

  Adopted Recent Issues Past Issues On-going objections
9-1. In multi-platform development with different teams working on different platforms with some common members between teams, discipline order should prioritize the disciplines that spread most widely among various teams. Remaining disciplines should follow the general proposed order above.
9-2. Discipline order can reflect the structure of the teams developing the game, such as a programming-centric studio listing programming credits first. In this way, discipline order should not reflect only the opinion of managers, executives, producers, or administrators.

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* 21. For the following ATTRIBUTION RULES, indicate if your company has adopted them (whether or not compliant) and then indicate the other applicable factors listed whether or not there has been any formal adoption.

  Adopted Recent Issues Past Issues On-going objections
ATTR.10 – [Optional] Extraordinarily useful or otherwise significant contributions from non-regular or non-active participants on a given project may be recognized with specially created credit that refers to the discipline of work and does not replicate the screen credit title of anyone else.
ATTR.11 – [Optional] Use of the IGDA’s set of standardized roles is encouraged. Refer to Appendix I below.
ATTR.12 – Nickname credits are strongly NOT recommended. Where included despite the recommendation, they should appear in quotation marks within a real name (e.g. Nicholas “Wise Man” Sampson).
ATTR.13 - Fictional credits are prohibited unless they are in a separate roster of credits in a style that is markedly different from the actual credits (e.g. Programming, Betty Boop).

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* 22. For the following USAGE RULES, indicate if your company has adopted them (whether or not compliant) and then indicate the other applicable factors listed whether or not there has been any formal adoption.

  Adopted Recent Issues Past Issues On-going objections
USAG.1 – Credits must appear in the actual game.
1-1. If in-game credit is profoundly impractical (e.g. cell phone games), a URL is to be provided indicating where the credits appear online.
1-2. Port, expansion, or adaptation/re-release credit should be accessible from a separate menu selection, separate from the original team. Where separate menus are needed, all selections should be visible at one time and should identify the class of credit (e.g. “Original Team Credits”, “Expansion Credits” would both be listed on the menu).

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* 23. For the following USAGE RULES, indicate if your company has adopted them (whether or not compliant) and then indicate the other applicable factors listed whether or not there has been any formal adoption.

  Adopted Recent Issues Past Issues On-going objections
USAG.2 – Credits must not be hidden or locked in the game (e.g., a player may not be required to win the game in order to view credits).
USAG.3 – Printed manual credits, though nice, are not encouraged since long lead times tend to result in out-dated or inaccurate credit by the time a game is ready to ship. Instead, a URL should be provided indicating where the credits appear online, such as a third party industry organization web site. Listing partial credits in a small manual and full credits online is also not encouraged.
USAG.4 – Individuals have the right to list their credit in their resume (or other appropriate personal reference) in the same manner as it appears in the game or manual, as of the day the product is released by the publisher or 2 years from the last day of a person’s work on a project, whichever is sooner.
l. In order to ensure the historical permanence of the record, the IGDA intends to fulfill the role of a third party industry organization web site for credit records. The IGDA also intends to automatically submit credits it receives to MobyGames, to allow for searching and consistency in the records.

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* 24. For the following METHODOLOGY PROCEDURES, indicate if your company has adopted them (whether or not compliant) and then indicate the other applicable factors listed whether or not there has been any formal adoption. The following recommendations are meant to aid the implementation of a company approach to formalized crediting for each game project.

  Adopted Recent Issues Past Issues On-going objections
METH.1 – Establish Approach: At the start of each project, the team, a representative subset of the team, or the management of the team must establish the crediting approach and rules to be used (e.g., adopting the rules set forth in this Guide, and resolving applicable or pertinent issues presented in this Guide).

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* 25. For the following METHODOLOGY PROCEDURES, indicate if your company has adopted them (whether or not compliant) and then indicate the other applicable factors listed whether or not there has been any formal adoption. The following recommendations are meant to aid the implementation of a company approach to formalized crediting for each game project.

  Adopted Recent Issues Past Issues On-going objections
METH.2 – Final Review: Team members should be given a chance to review their final credit before the game is finalized.
1. On-site team members should be shown their proposed credits and have at least a two week period to voice concerns or suggest corrections to management before the credits are finalized.
2. All reasonable effort should be used to inform departing or terminated team members of the credit they will receive as a standard part of the process of departure.
3. All reasonable effort should be used to inform contract and similar off-site contributors of the credit they will receive at the time services are rendered.
4. [Optional] A sign-off sheet could be circulated among the on-site team as a record of this process.

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* 26. For the following METHODOLOGY PROCEDURES, indicate if your company has adopted them (whether or not compliant) and then indicate the other applicable factors listed whether or not there has been any formal adoption. The following recommendations are meant to aid the implementation of a company approach to formalized crediting for each game project.

  Adopted Recent Issues Past Issues On-going objections
METH.3 – The team should establish a cap on multiple credits. Along with management, the team should establish written eligibility rules for multiple credits. Eligibility rules may disqualify contributions of lesser proportion or magnitude.
METH.4 – [Optional] Regular Review: It is recommended that the credit records be reviewed by the team upon completion of major project milestones. Records should be updated to reflect only cumulatively significant role changes and additions.
METH.5 – [Optional] Designated Credits Keeper: It is recommended that a team member be appointed to keep and maintain the credit records, including the change logs, from the start of a project. A producer or manager is usually the most appropriate person.
METH.6 – [Optional] Accessible Credit Records: It is recommended that credit records and change logs be accessible to all team members in a place that does not require a request to obtain the information, such as a .txt file on a local server, or a wiki page.

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* 27. What is the highest level of IGDA certification you think your company can attain?

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* 28. If you are interesting in joining the IGDA Developer Credit Special Interest Group, please include your email below.

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