Swine Health Management Journal Club - July 2025

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* 1. What is your first name?

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* 2. What is your last name?

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* 3. What is your email address?

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* 4. Based on the literature review in the paper, which of the following is accurate regarding the occurrence of rabies in pigs?

A common occurrence in endemic areas, but rare in non-endemic regions.

Rabies has not previously been documented in pigs and this is the first case report.

Rarely confirmed, even in areas where rabies is endemic.

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* 5. What epidemiological aspects, relative to rabies, were common to both cases described in the paper?

Cattle on-farm were vaccinated for rabies using a modified live vaccine, and dogs on the farms had been previously diagnosed with rabies.

Farms were located in an area of Brazil where rabies is endemic, farms had cattle, and a reservoir of bats are present in the area.

Bite marks (bat or dog) were visible on all the pigs exhibiting clinical signs and pigs had been consuming water sources contaminated by bat guano.

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* 6. What were the key diagnostic features described in these cases?

Perivascular lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates in brain tissue and strong IHC staining for rabies antigen.

Suppurative meningoencephalitis and isolation of the rabies virus in cell culture.

Presence of Negri bodies and PCR positive for rabies virus in CNS tissue.

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* 7. Regarding the differential diagnosis of CNS disease in pigs, which of the following is not correct regarding the ruling-out of other CNS causing diseases in this paper?

Brazil is negative for PRRSv and other causes of viral encephalitis have distinct histological differences that affect different combinations of locations in brain, brainstem and spinal cord.

Bacterial causes of CNS disease, such as Streptococcus suis, present with a suppurative meningitis.

No eosinophils were detected by histopathology, therefore ruling-out salt toxicity or water deprivation.

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* 8. The authors suggest which of the following when considering rabies in pigs?

Brainstem (thalamus) and spinal cord should be included, along with cerebrum and cerebellum, in cases of CNS disease, specially where rabies is a differential.

Presence of Negri bodies and the gold standard direct fluorescent antibody testing (DFAT) for rabies should not solely be used for diagnosis of rabes in pigs.

Both Option 1 and Option 2 are suggested.