Trends in Opioid Prescribing In COVID-19 Survey Question Title * 1. What is your gender? Male Female Prefer not to say Question Title * 2. What is your age? Under 30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81+ Question Title * 3. Which country do you practice medicine in? United States of America Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling Islands) Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Cote D'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) Croatia (Hrvatska Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic East Timor Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Falkland Islands (Malvinas) Faroe Islands Fiji Finland France France, Metropolitan French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern Territories Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Gibraltar Greece Greenland Grenada Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Heard and McDonald Islands Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Korea (North) Korea (South) Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macau Macedonia Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Martinique Mauritania Mauritius Mayotte Mexico Micronesia Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montserrat Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands Netherlands Antilles New Caledonia New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norfolk Island Northern Mariana Islands Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Pitcairn Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Reunion Romania Russian Federation Rwanda S. Georgia and S. Sandwich Isls. Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and The Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovak Republic Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka St. Helena St. Pierre and Miquelon Sudan Suriname Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syria Taiwan Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Togo Tokelau Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Turks and Caicos Islands Tuvalu US Minor Outlying Islands Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Vatican City State (Holy See) Venezuela Viet Nam Virgin Islands (British) Virgin Islands (US) Wallis and Futuna Islands Western Sahara Yemen Yugoslavia Zaire Zambia Zimbabwe Question Title * 4. If located in the United States of America, what State do you practice medicine in? Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District Of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Question Title * 5. Which best describes your provider type: Attending Physician Physician in training Nurse practitioner Physicians assistant Question Title * 6. If you are a physician, are you Board Certified in Pain Medicine? No Yes (If yes, please specify through which organization / entity) Question Title * 7. If you are a physician, did you complete an ACGME accredited Pain Management Fellowship? Yes No N/A Question Title * 8. If you are a physician, what is your primary board specialty? Anesthesiology Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Neurology Psychiatry Other (please specify) Question Title * 9. What percentage of your clinical practice is dedicated to Pain Management? 0-20% 21-40% 41-60% 61-80% 81-100% Question Title * 10. How many years have you been in practice? In Training 0-5 years 6-10 years 11-15 years 16-20 years 21-25 years 25+ years Question Title * 11. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (2019), did you prescribe opioids as part your pain management practice? Yes No Question Title * 12. Who typically prescribes opioid pain medications in your practice? Physician Nurse practitioner and/or Physician’s assistant All of the above Question Title * 13. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (2019), to roughly what percentage of patients in your practice did you prescribe opioid pain medications? 100% 68-99% 34-67% 1-33% 0% Question Title * 14. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (2019), roughly what percentage of your clinical time was spent performing interventional procedures / surgeries? 100% 68-99% 34-67% 1-33% 0% Question Title * 15. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (2019), if you prescribed opioids in clinic, did you utilize opioid risk assessment tools / surveys? Always (100%) Usually (68-99%) Sometimes (34-67%) Rarely (1-33%) Never (0%) Question Title * 16. During the COVID-19 pandemic, if you prescribed opioids via telemedicine, did you utilize opioid risk assessment tools / surveys? Always (100%) Usually (68-99%) Sometimes (34-67%) Rarely (1-33%) Never (0%) Question Title * 17. Which opioid risk assessment tool do you typically use? Opioid Risk Tool (ORT) Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain-Revised (SOAPP-R) Current Opioid Misuse Measure (COMM) Prescription Drug Use Questionnaire-patient version (PDUQ-p) I don’t use Other (please specify) Question Title * 18. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (2019), how frequently did patients taking chronic opioid medications for pain present for follow up visits? 1-3 weeks 4 weeks 5-8 weeks 9-12 weeks Greater than 12 weeks Question Title * 19. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (2019), how often did you perform a urine toxicology screen on a patient taking opioid pain medications? Every visit Random Every 1-3 months Every 3-6 months Every 6-12 months Greater than 12 months Question Title * 20. During the COVID-19 pandemic, have you changed the frequency which you perform urine drug screening? Unchanged Increased Decreased Holding on testing Question Title * 21. During the COVID-19 pandemic, was there a notable change in opioid compliance issues / violation? No Change Increase Decrease Question Title * 22. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (2019), how often did you prescribe naloxone or anther opioid reversal agent with opioid pain medication prescriptions? 0-5 times per month 6-10 times per month 11-20 times per month 21-30 times per month 30+ times per month Question Title * 23. During the COVID-19 pandemic, has your prescription of opioid reversal agents, such as naloxone, changed? No Change Increase Decrease Question Title * 24. During the COVID-19 pandemic, have you seen a change in the number of opioid prescriptions you dispensed for chronic pain? No Change Increase Decrease Question Title * 25. During the COVID-19 pandemic, have you seen a change in the number of adverse reactions from opioids? Increase Decrease No Change Question Title * 26. During the height of the COVID-19 pandemic (March-April 2020 in the United States), by what percentage did your interventional procedures / surgeries decrease? 0% 1-20% 21-40% 41-60% 61-80% 81-100% Question Title * 27. During the COVID-19 pandemic (2019), if you had been able to freely perform elective interventional pain procedures/surgeries, would this have changed your prescribing habits for opioid medications? Yes No Comment (optional) Question Title * 28. During the COVID-19 pandemic, have you prescribed chronic opioid therapy for medical conditions that you would not have prior to the pandemic? No Yes, once per week Yes, once per day Yes. More than once per day If yes, specify condition(s): Question Title * 29. During the COVID-19 pandemic, did you change your opioid prescribing habits because of a patients’ delayed access to a planned surgery, such as a hip or knee replacement? Yes No Describe the surgical population: Question Title * 30. During the COVID-19 pandemic, have you considered opioids as a temporary bridging treatment for those patients who were unable to proceed with a recommended elective pain procedures due to COVID-19? Yes No What procedures did you most commonly defer? Question Title * 31. During the COVID-19 pandemic, have you noted a change in your total daily dose of opioid pain medications (total oral morphine mg equivalents) prescribed per patient? No Change Decreased Increased Question Title * 32. During the COVID-19 pandemic, did you see a change in emergency / urgent care / hospital visits due to pain because of lack of access to interventional pain procedures? No change Increased Decreased Question Title * 33. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (2019), where did you typically see your outpatient opioid pain medication patients? In-patient Office Telemedicine Telephone Question Title * 34. During the COVID-19 pandemic, where did you typically see your outpatient opioid pain medication patients? In-Patient Office Telemedicine Telephone Question Title * 35. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (2019), what percent of your practice was telemedicine? 0-25% 26-50% 51-75% 76-100% Question Title * 36. During the COVID-19 pandemic, what percent of your practice is now telemedicine? 0-25% 26-50% 51-75% 76-100% Question Title * 37. What is the maximum amount of oral morphine equivalents that you prescribe? 0 1-50 51-90 91+ Question Title * 38. During the COVID-19 pandemic, for those patients who you feel are appropriate for chronic opioid therapy and prescribed greater than 50 oral morphine equivalents of opioids per day, have you typically been willing to refill these medications via telemedicine? Yes No Done