Silence as Participation among Nepalese Students in the U.S. Colleges and Universities

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Thank you for participating in this survey! As you answer the following sets of questions, please think of your classroom tendencies in most classes rather than about a specific class. There is no right or wrong answers; simply record your first impression by clicking the applicable response.

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1. As you answer the following sets of questions, please think of your classroom experience or participation in most classes in the U.S. There is no right or wrong answers.

	Never	Rarely	Often	Sometimes	Always
a) During most classes, how often do you participate verbally/orally?	a) During most classes, how often do you participate verbally/orally? Never	a) During most classes, how often do you participate verbally/orally? Rarely	a) During most classes, how often do you participate verbally/orally? Often	a) During most classes, how often do you participate verbally/orally? Sometimes	a) During most classes, how often do you participate verbally/orally? Always
b) In most classes, how often do you remain silent for the whole class period?	b) In most classes, how often do you remain silent for the whole class period? Never	b) In most classes, how often do you remain silent for the whole class period? Rarely	b) In most classes, how often do you remain silent for the whole class period? Often	b) In most classes, how often do you remain silent for the whole class period? Sometimes	b) In most classes, how often do you remain silent for the whole class period? Always
c) How often do you ask questions in most classes?	c) How often do you ask questions in most classes? Never	c) How often do you ask questions in most classes? Rarely	c) How often do you ask questions in most classes? Often	c) How often do you ask questions in most classes? Sometimes	c) How often do you ask questions in most classes? Always

Question Title

2. There is no right or wrong answers. As you answer the following sets of questions, please think of your classroom experience or participation in most classes in the U.S.

	Strongly Agree	Agree	Somewhat Agree	Somewhat Disagree	Disagree	Strongly Disagree
d) I enjoy verbally participating during most classes.	d) I enjoy verbally participating during most classes. Strongly Agree	d) I enjoy verbally participating during most classes. Agree	d) I enjoy verbally participating during most classes. Somewhat Agree	d) I enjoy verbally participating during most classes. Somewhat Disagree	d) I enjoy verbally participating during most classes. Disagree	d) I enjoy verbally participating during most classes. Strongly Disagree
e) I prefer to remain silent in most classes.	e) I prefer to remain silent in most classes. Strongly Agree	e) I prefer to remain silent in most classes. Agree	e) I prefer to remain silent in most classes. Somewhat Agree	e) I prefer to remain silent in most classes. Somewhat Disagree	e) I prefer to remain silent in most classes. Disagree	e) I prefer to remain silent in most classes. Strongly Disagree
f) I do not speak because I fear appearing unintelligent to my instructor or classmates.	f) I do not speak because I fear appearing unintelligent to my instructor or classmates. Strongly Agree	f) I do not speak because I fear appearing unintelligent to my instructor or classmates. Agree	f) I do not speak because I fear appearing unintelligent to my instructor or classmates. Somewhat Agree	f) I do not speak because I fear appearing unintelligent to my instructor or classmates. Somewhat Disagree	f) I do not speak because I fear appearing unintelligent to my instructor or classmates. Disagree	f) I do not speak because I fear appearing unintelligent to my instructor or classmates. Strongly Disagree
g) Instructors should expect me to talk in class.	g) Instructors should expect me to talk in class. Strongly Agree	g) Instructors should expect me to talk in class. Agree	g) Instructors should expect me to talk in class. Somewhat Agree	g) Instructors should expect me to talk in class. Somewhat Disagree	g) Instructors should expect me to talk in class. Disagree	g) Instructors should expect me to talk in class. Strongly Disagree
h) It is my responsibility as a student to participate orally in class.	h) It is my responsibility as a student to participate orally in class. Strongly Agree	h) It is my responsibility as a student to participate orally in class. Agree	h) It is my responsibility as a student to participate orally in class. Somewhat Agree	h) It is my responsibility as a student to participate orally in class. Somewhat Disagree	h) It is my responsibility as a student to participate orally in class. Disagree	h) It is my responsibility as a student to participate orally in class. Strongly Disagree
i) Verbally/Orally participating in class helps me to learn.	i) Verbally/Orally participating in class helps me to learn. Strongly Agree	i) Verbally/Orally participating in class helps me to learn. Agree	i) Verbally/Orally participating in class helps me to learn. Somewhat Agree	i) Verbally/Orally participating in class helps me to learn. Somewhat Disagree	i) Verbally/Orally participating in class helps me to learn. Disagree	i) Verbally/Orally participating in class helps me to learn. Strongly Disagree
j) I learn best by remaining silent in class.	j) I learn best by remaining silent in class. Strongly Agree	j) I learn best by remaining silent in class. Agree	j) I learn best by remaining silent in class. Somewhat Agree	j) I learn best by remaining silent in class. Somewhat Disagree	j) I learn best by remaining silent in class. Disagree	j) I learn best by remaining silent in class. Strongly Disagree
k) If oral participation is graded, I will participate orally in class.	k) If oral participation is graded, I will participate orally in class. Strongly Agree	k) If oral participation is graded, I will participate orally in class. Agree	k) If oral participation is graded, I will participate orally in class. Somewhat Agree	k) If oral participation is graded, I will participate orally in class. Somewhat Disagree	k) If oral participation is graded, I will participate orally in class. Disagree	k) If oral participation is graded, I will participate orally in class. Strongly Disagree
l) Verbal/Oral participation grades cause me to talk more in class than I would otherwise.	l) Verbal/Oral participation grades cause me to talk more in class than I would otherwise. Strongly Agree	l) Verbal/Oral participation grades cause me to talk more in class than I would otherwise. Agree	l) Verbal/Oral participation grades cause me to talk more in class than I would otherwise. Somewhat Agree	l) Verbal/Oral participation grades cause me to talk more in class than I would otherwise. Somewhat Disagree	l) Verbal/Oral participation grades cause me to talk more in class than I would otherwise. Disagree	l) Verbal/Oral participation grades cause me to talk more in class than I would otherwise. Strongly Disagree
m) I feel that instructors should grade oral participation.	m) I feel that instructors should grade oral participation. Strongly Agree	m) I feel that instructors should grade oral participation. Agree	m) I feel that instructors should grade oral participation. Somewhat Agree	m) I feel that instructors should grade oral participation. Somewhat Disagree	m) I feel that instructors should grade oral participation. Disagree	m) I feel that instructors should grade oral participation. Strongly Disagree
n) Instructors should not use oral participation grades.	n) Instructors should not use oral participation grades. Strongly Agree	n) Instructors should not use oral participation grades. Agree	n) Instructors should not use oral participation grades. Somewhat Agree	n) Instructors should not use oral participation grades. Somewhat Disagree	n) Instructors should not use oral participation grades. Disagree	n) Instructors should not use oral participation grades. Strongly Disagree
o) I participate by speaking in my class.	o) I participate by speaking in my class. Strongly Agree	o) I participate by speaking in my class. Agree	o) I participate by speaking in my class. Somewhat Agree	o) I participate by speaking in my class. Somewhat Disagree	o) I participate by speaking in my class. Disagree	o) I participate by speaking in my class. Strongly Disagree
p) I participate by responding to questions in my class.	p) I participate by responding to questions in my class. Strongly Agree	p) I participate by responding to questions in my class. Agree	p) I participate by responding to questions in my class. Somewhat Agree	p) I participate by responding to questions in my class. Somewhat Disagree	p) I participate by responding to questions in my class. Disagree	p) I participate by responding to questions in my class. Strongly Disagree
q) I feel encouraged before giving my opinion in my class.	q) I feel encouraged before giving my opinion in my class. Strongly Agree	q) I feel encouraged before giving my opinion in my class. Agree	q) I feel encouraged before giving my opinion in my class. Somewhat Agree	q) I feel encouraged before giving my opinion in my class. Somewhat Disagree	q) I feel encouraged before giving my opinion in my class. Disagree	q) I feel encouraged before giving my opinion in my class. Strongly Disagree
r) My instructor does not treat each student equally in class.	r) My instructor does not treat each student equally in class. Strongly Agree	r) My instructor does not treat each student equally in class. Agree	r) My instructor does not treat each student equally in class. Somewhat Agree	r) My instructor does not treat each student equally in class. Somewhat Disagree	r) My instructor does not treat each student equally in class. Disagree	r) My instructor does not treat each student equally in class. Strongly Disagree
s) I am comfortable participating orally in my class.	s) I am comfortable participating orally in my class. Strongly Agree	s) I am comfortable participating orally in my class. Agree	s) I am comfortable participating orally in my class. Somewhat Agree	s) I am comfortable participating orally in my class. Somewhat Disagree	s) I am comfortable participating orally in my class. Disagree	s) I am comfortable participating orally in my class. Strongly Disagree
t) My English is not good engouh, and I don't speak in class.	t) My English is not good engouh, and I don't speak in class. Strongly Agree	t) My English is not good engouh, and I don't speak in class. Agree	t) My English is not good engouh, and I don't speak in class. Somewhat Agree	t) My English is not good engouh, and I don't speak in class. Somewhat Disagree	t) My English is not good engouh, and I don't speak in class. Disagree	t) My English is not good engouh, and I don't speak in class. Strongly Disagree
u) It is my nature to be quiet/silent in class.	u) It is my nature to be quiet/silent in class. Strongly Agree	u) It is my nature to be quiet/silent in class. Agree	u) It is my nature to be quiet/silent in class. Somewhat Agree	u) It is my nature to be quiet/silent in class. Somewhat Disagree	u) It is my nature to be quiet/silent in class. Disagree	u) It is my nature to be quiet/silent in class. Strongly Disagree
v) I was taught to be silent in my high school.	v) I was taught to be silent in my high school. Strongly Agree	v) I was taught to be silent in my high school. Agree	v) I was taught to be silent in my high school. Somewhat Agree	v) I was taught to be silent in my high school. Somewhat Disagree	v) I was taught to be silent in my high school. Disagree	v) I was taught to be silent in my high school. Strongly Disagree
w) I have seen my classmates from another country silent in the US classroom.	w) I have seen my classmates from another country silent in the US classroom. Strongly Agree	w) I have seen my classmates from another country silent in the US classroom. Agree	w) I have seen my classmates from another country silent in the US classroom. Somewhat Agree	w) I have seen my classmates from another country silent in the US classroom. Somewhat Disagree	w) I have seen my classmates from another country silent in the US classroom. Disagree	w) I have seen my classmates from another country silent in the US classroom. Strongly Disagree

Question Title

3. How do you think the following situations for Nepali students in the classes of US universities. There is no right or wrong answers.

	Strongly Agree	Agree	Somewhat Agree	Somewhat Disagree	Disagree	Strongly Disagree
x) Generally Nepalese students are silent in classroom.	x) Generally Nepalese students are silent in classroom. Strongly Agree	x) Generally Nepalese students are silent in classroom. Agree	x) Generally Nepalese students are silent in classroom. Somewhat Agree	x) Generally Nepalese students are silent in classroom. Somewhat Disagree	x) Generally Nepalese students are silent in classroom. Disagree	x) Generally Nepalese students are silent in classroom. Strongly Disagree
y) It is a virtue for Nepalese students to be silent in classroom.	y) It is a virtue for Nepalese students to be silent in classroom. Strongly Agree	y) It is a virtue for Nepalese students to be silent in classroom. Agree	y) It is a virtue for Nepalese students to be silent in classroom. Somewhat Agree	y) It is a virtue for Nepalese students to be silent in classroom. Somewhat Disagree	y) It is a virtue for Nepalese students to be silent in classroom. Disagree	y) It is a virtue for Nepalese students to be silent in classroom. Strongly Disagree
w) Being silent in class is a sign of respect to the teacher.	w) Being silent in class is a sign of respect to the teacher. Strongly Agree	w) Being silent in class is a sign of respect to the teacher. Agree	w) Being silent in class is a sign of respect to the teacher. Somewhat Agree	w) Being silent in class is a sign of respect to the teacher. Somewhat Disagree	w) Being silent in class is a sign of respect to the teacher. Disagree	w) Being silent in class is a sign of respect to the teacher. Strongly Disagree
aa) Nepalese students do not have enough English proficiency.	aa) Nepalese students do not have enough English proficiency. Strongly Agree	aa) Nepalese students do not have enough English proficiency. Agree	aa) Nepalese students do not have enough English proficiency. Somewhat Agree	aa) Nepalese students do not have enough English proficiency. Somewhat Disagree	aa) Nepalese students do not have enough English proficiency. Disagree	aa) Nepalese students do not have enough English proficiency. Strongly Disagree
bb) Nepalese students become neverous while speaking in class.	bb) Nepalese students become neverous while speaking in class. Strongly Agree	bb) Nepalese students become neverous while speaking in class. Agree	bb) Nepalese students become neverous while speaking in class. Somewhat Agree	bb) Nepalese students become neverous while speaking in class. Somewhat Disagree	bb) Nepalese students become neverous while speaking in class. Disagree	bb) Nepalese students become neverous while speaking in class. Strongly Disagree

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4. What is your program or year in college/university?

ESL/Language Student

First Year Undergraduate Student

Sophomore

Junior

Senior

Master's Student

Specialist Student

Doctoral Student

Other (please specify)

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5. What is your gender?

Male

Female

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6. How long have you been in the U.S.?

Less than 6 months

Between 6 to 12 months

Between 12 to 24 months

More than 2 years

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7. What is your age group?

20-25 years

25-30 years

30-35 years

35-40 years

Other (please specify)

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8. How do you evaluate your Engish? Please choose the options that apply.

	Listening	Reading	Writing	Speaking
I am good at:	I am good at: Listening	I am good at: Reading	I am good at: Writing	I am good at: Speaking
I am poor at:	I am poor at: Listening	I am poor at: Reading	I am poor at: Writing	I am poor at: Speaking

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9. Thank you so much for participating in this survey. If you would like to share more about your classroom participation experience or want to know further about this study, please email the research team at center.asu@gmail.com or write in the given below box.

Thank you.
Research Team

Question Title

1. As you answer the following sets of questions, please think of your classroom experience or participation in most classes in the U.S. There is no right or wrong answers.

Question Title

2. There is no right or wrong answers. As you answer the following sets of questions, please think of your classroom experience or participation in most classes in the U.S.

Question Title

3. How do you think the following situations for Nepali students in the classes of US universities. There is no right or wrong answers.

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4. What is your program or year in college/university?

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5. What is your gender?

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6. How long have you been in the U.S.?

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7. What is your age group?

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8. How do you evaluate your Engish? Please choose the options that apply.

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9. Thank you so much for participating in this survey. If you would like to share more about your classroom participation experience or want to know further about this study, please email the research team at center.asu@gmail.com or write in the given below box.Thank you.Research Team

9. Thank you so much for participating in this survey. If you would like to share more about your classroom participation experience or want to know further about this study, please email the research team at center.asu@gmail.com or write in the given below box.

Thank you.
Research Team