Vorpal Swords and Validity

What's the right conclusion for each argument?

Watch out – for some of these arguments, no valid conclusion is listed. If you can't find a valid conclusion for a given argument, select “invalid.”

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* 1. Anyone who has a vorpal sword can slay a jabberwock.
I have a vorpal sword.
Therefore:

A jabberwock can slay me.

I can slay that jabberwock over there.

I can slay a jabberwock.

A jabberwock has a vorpal sword.

Invalid

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* 2. The mome raths were outgreabing.
Anything that outgreabes makes a very unpleasant sound.
Therefore:

The mome raths are unpleasant.

Anything that's unpleasant is a mome rath.

The mome raths were making a very unpleasant sound.

The mome raths should have stopped outgreabing.

Invalid

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* 3. All jubjub birds have claws.
All bandersnatches have claws.
Therefore:

All jubjub birds are bandersnatches.

All bandersnatches are jubjub birds.

Anything with claws is either a jubjub bird or a bandersnatch.

No bandersnatches are jubjub birds.

Invalid

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* 4. No one who warns people about jabberwocks is a fool.
My father warns people about jabberwocks.
Therefore:

My father is a fool.

My father is not a fool.

My father does not warn people about jabberwocks.

No one warns jabberwocks about my father.

Invalid

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* 5. No jubjub bird is frumious.
This manxome beast is not frumious.
Therefore:

This manxome beast is a jubjub bird.

No jubjub bird is a manxome beast.

All jubjub birds are manxome beasts.

No manxome beasts are jubjub birds.

Invalid

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* 6. I am not hunting a bandersnatch.
Anyone hunting a bandersnatch knows not to meddle with jubjub birds.
Therefore:

I know not to meddle with jubjub birds.

I don't know not to meddle with jubjub birds.

Anyone who knows not to meddle with jubjub birds is hunting a bandersnatch.

Jubjub birds know not to meddle with me.

Invalid

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* 7. Tumtum trees grow in the forest.
Anything growing in the forest might be hiding something that burbles.
Therefore:

Tumtum trees might be hiding anything.

Anything hiding something that burbles is a tumtum tree.

Tumtum trees might be hiding something that burbles.

Something that burbles might be hiding a tumtum tree.

Invalid

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* 8. Something nearby is burbling!
Anything that burbles must be a jabberwock.
Therefore:

Something nearby must be a jabberwock.

Something nearby may not be a jabberwock.

Anything nearby must be a jabberwock.

All jabberwocks must be nearby.

Invalid

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* 9. The most fearsome foe is not afraid of a snicker-snack.
The bandersnatch is not afraid of a snicker-snack.
Therefore:

The bandersnatch is the most fearsome foe.

The bandersnatch is not the most fearsome foe.

The most fearsome foe is not afraid of a bandersnatch.

No snicker-snack fears the most fearsome foe.

Invalid

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* 10. Anyone who galumphs has recently slain a jabberwock.
My father’s only child is galumphing.
Therefore:

My father has recently slain a jabberwock.

Anyone galumphing is my father's only child.

Anyone who has recently slain a jabberwock is galumphing.

My father's only child has recently slain a jabberwock.

Invalid

Vorpal Swords and Validity

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* 1. Anyone who has a vorpal sword can slay a jabberwock.I have a vorpal sword.Therefore:

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* 2. The mome raths were outgreabing.Anything that outgreabes makes a very unpleasant sound.Therefore:

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* 3. All jubjub birds have claws.All bandersnatches have claws.Therefore:

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* 4. No one who warns people about jabberwocks is a fool.My father warns people about jabberwocks.Therefore:

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* 5. No jubjub bird is frumious.This manxome beast is not frumious.Therefore:

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* 6. I am not hunting a bandersnatch.Anyone hunting a bandersnatch knows not to meddle with jubjub birds.Therefore:

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* 7. Tumtum trees grow in the forest.Anything growing in the forest might be hiding something that burbles.Therefore:

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* 8. Something nearby is burbling!Anything that burbles must be a jabberwock.Therefore:

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* 9. The most fearsome foe is not afraid of a snicker-snack.The bandersnatch is not afraid of a snicker-snack.Therefore:

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* 10. Anyone who galumphs has recently slain a jabberwock.My father’s only child is galumphing.Therefore:

* 1. Anyone who has a vorpal sword can slay a jabberwock.
I have a vorpal sword.
Therefore:

* 2. The mome raths were outgreabing.
Anything that outgreabes makes a very unpleasant sound.
Therefore:

* 3. All jubjub birds have claws.
All bandersnatches have claws.
Therefore:

* 4. No one who warns people about jabberwocks is a fool.
My father warns people about jabberwocks.
Therefore:

* 5. No jubjub bird is frumious.
This manxome beast is not frumious.
Therefore:

* 6. I am not hunting a bandersnatch.
Anyone hunting a bandersnatch knows not to meddle with jubjub birds.
Therefore:

* 7. Tumtum trees grow in the forest.
Anything growing in the forest might be hiding something that burbles.
Therefore:

* 8. Something nearby is burbling!
Anything that burbles must be a jabberwock.
Therefore:

* 9. The most fearsome foe is not afraid of a snicker-snack.
The bandersnatch is not afraid of a snicker-snack.
Therefore:

* 10. Anyone who galumphs has recently slain a jabberwock.
My father’s only child is galumphing.
Therefore: