Should South Dakota use a norm-referenced or criterion-referenced accountability model? Why?
  • Currently, South Dakota measures school performance in terms of standing relative to others in the group (norm-referenced). For example, School A has a School Performance Index (SPI) score that puts it in the top 5% of scores statewide, earning it the classification of “Exemplary.”

  • South Dakota could use a criterion-referenced model, which would measure school performance in terms of a clearly defined threshold. A grading system of A-F is an example.
Keep in mind that no matter what the type of system, the state is still required to identify the bottom 5 percent of Title I schools for comprehensive support and improvement.

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