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* 1. Age

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* 2. Are you

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* 3. Primary Specialty

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* 4. Country

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* 5. Working place

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* 6. Working Place/Institution Name

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* 7. Number of beds at your Hospital

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* 8. How many out-of-hospital cardiac arrests does your institution treat per year?

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* 9. How many in-hospital cardiac arrests does your institution treat per year?

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* 10. How many peri-operative cardiac arrests does your institution treat per year?

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* 11. How many ultrasound devices are available at your department?

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* 12. Who leads the Medical Emergency / Resuscitation Team at your hospital/institution?

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* 13. Is the Medical Emergency Team at your hospital/institution equipped with a wireless hand-held ultrasound device?

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* 14. Does your institution implement a specific ultrasound protocol to be adopted during cardiac arrest care?

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* 15. If yes, which of the following protocols is currently implemented at your institution? (multiple answers are allowed)

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* 16. How do you consider your level of proficiency in general critical care ultrasound?

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* 17. How do you consider the level of training you received in general critical care ultrasound?

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* 18. Do you use to perform ultrasound during cardiac arrest to promptly diagnose a possible reversible cause? (If answer is ‘never’ going directly to question 22)

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* 19. If the answer to question #18 is "Yes" (rarely, sometimes, often, always), and you use ultrasound during cardiac arrest to promptly diagnose possible reversible causes, please specify the indications/conditions.

  Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree
We always discuss with the team if the patient may benefit of the use of ultrasound so not to have the risk of a delay chest compression resumption for a useless examination
When there is a clinical suspicion of reversible causes of cardiac arrest
In every cardiac arrest occurring in severe trauma patients
Always
In all non-shockable rhythm
In all intra-operative cardiac arrest

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* 20. How do you perform ultrasound during cardiac arrest to promptly diagnose a possible reversible cause?

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* 21. How do you consider your level of proficiency in performing ultrasound during cardiac arrest and resuscitation?

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* 22. How do you consider the level of training you received in performing ultrasound during cardiac arrest and resuscitation?

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* 23. Who performs ultrasound during cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation? (multiple answers are allowed)

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* 24. Performing ultrasound during cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a complex task since including cardiac, lung and vascular ultrasound competencies. Furthermore, it should be performed quickly and minimizing chest compression interruptions. This complex task requires to be performed by a well-trained expert in the field of cardiac arrest and critical care ultrasound. Below are barriers to the spread of ultrasound during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Please rate the degree of difficulty that these barriers have presented in your clinical practice

  Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree
Difficulty identifying an expert
Lack of expert trainers
Lack of formalized curriculum
Not enough training
Inadequate ability to supervise trainee during learning curve in emergency conditions
Impossible to be performed without a significant delay in chest compression resumption
The number of scans required for competence is too high
Lack of equipment (including poor quality equipment)

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* 25. Who is in charge to ensure that ultrasound is performed avoiding any delay in chest compression resumption?

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* 26. Do you use ultrasound for outcome prediction of cardiopulmonary resuscitation? (If answer is ‘never’ going directly to question 28)

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* 27. If a pattern of ventricular standstill is found associated to EtCO2 < 10 mmHg (<1.3 KPa), do you take it into account for the decision of terminating CPR disregarding its duration?

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* 28. Do you perform cardiac and lung ultrasound during post-resuscitation care for haemodynamic assessment and re-arrest prevention?

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* 29. Do you consider performing trans-cranial color-doppler after cardiac arrest, as a part of the post-cardiac arrest syndrome care?

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* 30. If previous answer was yes (rarely, sometimes, usually, always), for which purpose?

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* 31. Is transoesophageal echocardiography rapidly available at your institution?

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* 32. If yes, does your institution implement the use of transoesophageal echocardiography during cardiopulmonary resuscitation?

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* 33. Which are your main concerns of using transoesophageal echocardiography during cardiopulmonary resuscitation?

  Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree
Difficulty identifying an expert
Risk of oesophageal injury during mechanical chest compression
Risk of oesophageal injury after defibrillation
Technical difficulties in emergency condition (including limited space for equipment)

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