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Criminal Justice Reform

Robert Morris University
Institutional Review Board
Approval Date: November 22, 2024
IRB Number: #202411123496

CONSENT TO ACT AS A PARTICIPANT IN A RESEARCH STUDY

TITLE OF STUDY: Reversing Course: Gauging Perceptions of Stakeholders in Criminal Justice System Towards Reform to Decrease Mass Incarceration

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Frank C. Walker II, 412-401-1764, fcwst148@mail.rmu.edu

FACULTY ADVISOR: Dr. Mark Meyers, 412-397-6040, meyersm@rmu.edu

Hello Participant: You are invited to participate in my survey entitled: “Reversing Course: Gauging Perceptions of Stakeholders in Criminal Justice System Towards Reform to Decrease Mass Incarceration”

The purpose of the study is to determine if perceptions of leaders in the criminal justice system could be influenced by being aware of their impact to the criminal justice system.

In this survey, approximately 500 people will be asked to complete a questionnaire about various components of criminal justice reform such as - Eliminating cash bail for non violent offenders- Diversionary programs for first time offenders- Specialty courts to address specific treatment needs.

The questionnaire will take approximately 15-18 minutes to complete and will be divided into three sections after we obtain your demographics:- Education, Employment & Experience- Current Perceptions of Criminal Justice System, Current Criminal Justice Reform efforts.

There is no cost to complete the survey. There will be no compensation of any kind in exchange for participating in this study. Your participation in this study is completely voluntary and there are no foreseeable risks associated with this project. However, if you feel uncomfortable answering any questions, you can withdraw from the survey at any time.

Your survey responses will be strictly confidential and data from this research will be reported only in the aggregate. Your information will be coded and will remain confidential.

Once the study is finished, the demographic information, informed consent forms, survey design, and results will be archived in a mini portable hard drive in a secure location for 5 years as per the regulations of the American Psychological Association (APA, 2017), and then they would be properly destroyed.

If you have questions at any time about the survey or the procedures, you may contact Frank Walker 412-401-1764 fcwst148@mail.rmu.edu. If you have any questions about your participation in the study, please contact the Robert Morris University Institutional Review Board at 412-397-6227 irb@rmu.edu.

Finally, it is very important to learn your opinions on the issues of criminal justice reform. Your answers could contribute to actual change in the system that could lead to decreased incarceration rates, which could lead to lower taxes and more resources to focus on actual violent offenders in our communities.

VOLUNTARY CONSENT: By clicking on the "OK" button below, I am indicating that I understand the nature and purpose of this research and I agree to
1.How do you Identify?(Required.)
2.What is your Age?(Required.)
3.Please provide the City and State where you live.(Required.)
4.Please select your Ethnicity(Required.)
5.What is your Highest level of Education?(Required.)
6.Please answer the following about your education.
Strongly Disagree
Disagree
Neither Agree nor Disagree
Agree
Strongly Agree
My education prepared me for my career
My educational experience exposed me to diverse perspectives
I was introduced to criminal justice system throughout my education
 
I learned about the criminal justice system during my educational experience 
7.What is your current Employment Position?(Required.)
8.Please provide the City and State where you work.(Required.)
9.Have you or a family member been charged with a crime?(Required.)
10.In which of the following position were you employed full time? (Check all that apply)(Required.)
11.How long have your held your current employment position ?(Required.)
12.In total, how long have you worked in the Criminal Justice System?(Required.)
13.Please answer the following about your current Employment
Strongly Disagree
Disagree
Unsure
Agree
Strongly Agree
I am adequately trained for this position.
I am working in a diverse work environment.
I am immediately informed of changes in the law that impact how I do my job.
I am encouraged to suggest ideas that may improve how I do my job
My views are adequately represented at my job.
My job encourages and promotes cultural diversity
I feel I am making an impact at my job
I plan to work at this current job until retirement 
14.Please answer the following
Strongly Disagree
Disagree
Neither Agree nor Disagree
Agree
Strongly Agree
It is important to decrease mass incarceration 
I can look for opportunities on my job to decrease mass incarceration
My job offers opportunities to address racial disparities in the criminal justice system
It is important to decrease racial disparities in the criminal justice system. 
It is important to prevent overcharging in the criminal justice system. 
My job offers opportunities to prevent overcharging in the criminal justice system
It is important to implement reform in the criminal justice system.
15.Which view most closely represents your current view of the Criminal Justice System?(Required.)
16.To what extent do you agree with the following?
Strongly Disagree
Disagree
Sometimes Agree/Sometimes Disagree
Agree
Strongly Agree
The criminal justice system treats people of all races fairly. 
The criminal justice system treats people of all ages fairly. 
The criminal justice system is fair, regardless of socioeconomic background. 
The criminal justice system treats all people equally. 
Local jails are overcrowded.
Users of illegal drugs should be jailed.
Nonviolent offenders should be jailed.
Police officers should be required to wear recording body cameras 
Defendants have too many rights. 
Wealthy people have better outcomes in the criminal justice system. 
The majority of Judges make the correct decisions in criminal cases
Defendants are required to prove their innocence at trial. 
Police officers usually arrest the correct person for the crime alleged.
Prosecutors usually file the appropriate charges for each particular case. 
17.What is the cost to taxpayers to detain someone at your County Jail for 24 hours?(Required.)
18.To what extent to you agree with the following?
Strongly Disagree
Disagree
Neither Disagree Nor Agree
Agree
Strongly Agree
The County Jail should house people accused of violent crimes pending trial.
The County Jail should house people accused of nonviolent crimes pending trial.
19.What is the average amount of time a person is detained at the County Jail awaiting a hearing before a Judge for a probation violation?(Required.)
20.What is the average amount of time a person waits for trial while housed at the County Jail?(Required.)
21.Which view most closely represents your view on the phrase "Smart on Crime"?(Required.)
22.Which view most closely represents your view on the phrase "War on Drugs"?(Required.)
23.What is your interpretation of the phrase "War on Drugs"?(Required.)
24.Please answer the following regarding your current understanding of the responsibilities of stakeholders in the Criminal Justice System
Strongly Disagree
Disagree
Neither agree nor disagree
Agree
Strongly Agree
The United States incarcerates more citizens than all other countries combined. 
Probation officers choose whether to violate a citizen’s probation. 
Prosecutors have the ultimate say concerning a plea deal for a defendant. 
Judges determine whether to accept a plea deal. 
Judges determine the ultimate length of probation. 
Judges determine the penalty for violation of probation. 
Defense attorneys are responsible for finding diversionary programs.
Police officers determine whether to arrest a citizen. 
Police officers decide the type and the number of crimes with which to charge a person. 
25.Please answer the following regarding your views on Mass Incarceration
Strongly Disagree
Disagree
Neither Agree nor Disagree
Agree
Strongly Agree
The United States has a mass incarceration problem
My County has a mass incarceration problem.
The United States incarcerates more citizens than all other countries combined 
Probation Officers contribute to the mass incarceration problem in my County
Prosecutors contribute to the mass incarceration problem in my County.
Judges contribute to the mass incarceration problem in my County.
Defense attorneys contribute to the mass incarceration problem in my County.
Police officers contribute to the mass incarceration problem in my County.
26.Which view most closely represents your view concerning "Overcharging"(Required.)
27.What is your understanding of the concept of "Overcharging"?(Required.)
28.Please answer the following questions concerning overcharging:
Strongly Disagree
Disagree
Neither Disagree nor Agree
Agree
Strongly Agree
Probation officers are primarily responsible for overcharging in criminal cases.
Prosecutors are primarily responsible for overcharging in criminal cases. 
Judges are primarily responsible for overcharging in criminal cases. 
Defense attorneys are primarily responsible for overcharging in criminal cases. 
Police officers are primarily responsible for overcharging in criminal cases. 
29.Which view most closely represents your view concerning "Criminal Justice Reform"(Required.)
30.How do you define the phrase "Criminal Justice Reform"?(Required.)
31.Who is well positioned to advance Criminal Justice Reform efforts?
Strongly Disagree
Disagree
Neither Agree nor Disagree
Agree
Strongly Agree
Congress
Local Judges
Lead Prosecutor
Senate
Defense Attorneys
Police Departments 
Probation Officers
President of the United States
The Federal or State Sentencing Commission 
32.Rate the level of importance that should be addressed by Criminal Justice Reform.
Not important at all
Somewhat important
Moderately Important 
Extremely important
Racial Profiling - Targeting people based on race
Mass Incarceration - Overcrowded jails and prisons
School to Prison Pipeline - Criminalizing adolescent misconduct
Overcriminalization - Labeling misconduct a criminal offense
Debtors Prison - Staying detained or on supervision because you are unable to pay fines
Overcharging - Adding criminal charges to force a guilty plea
Police Brutality - Officers using excessive force
Other
33.If you chose "other" in the previous question, please list that issue here. Use "N/A" if appropriate.
34.Rate the level of importance concerning current Criminal justice reform efforts.
Not important at all
Somewhat important
Neither Important nor Unimportant
Moderately important
Extremely important
People arrested for Drug use (not drug trafficking) receiving treatment instead of prison sentences. 
Courts adopting separate programs and resources to deal with people arrested with mental issues.
Community service options being implemented as viable alternatives to jail for some non violent minor offenses. 
Improved police and community relations. 
Ending qualified immunity so officers can be held responsible/liable for using excessive force.
Ending qualified immunity so officers can be held responsible/liable for false imprisonment.
Ending qualified/absolute immunity so prosecutors can be held responsible/liable for false imprisonment.
Mandatory sentencing statutes being eradicated. 
Victims of violent crimes participating in plea negotiations on cases involving the prosecution of their perpetrator. 
35.Please rate your level of awareness of the following confirmed statistics concerning mass incarceration, overcriminalization, and criminal justice reform.
Totally Unaware
Unaware
Neither are nor Unaware
Aware
Totally Aware
There are currently 1.9 million Americans who are incarcerated. 
There are over 427,000 Americans in jail awaiting trial.
Police make over 1 million arrests for drug possession per year.
Non-criminal or technical violations are the main causes of probation violations.
War on Drugs policing has failed to reduce street-level drug activity and the cost of drugs on the street remains low and drugs remain widely available.
Over 79 Million Americans have a criminal record.
The United States has the highest incarceration rate in the world. 
1 in 5 incarcerated persons is locked up for a drug offense. 
The system of mass incarceration costs the government and families involved at least $182 billion. 
Bail bond companies collect $1.4 billion in nonrefundable fees from defendants and their families. 
The number of Americans under the supervision of the criminal justice system is 5,492,544.
The United States spends over $80 Billion dollars a year on corrections
 Imprisonment leads to declining prospects for employment and results in lower earnings in the longer term
Black men are six times as likely to be incarcerated as white men
 As of 2022, 4.6 million Americans were unable to vote due to state laws restricting voting rights for those with felony convictions. 
Approximately 2 million people who are arrested each year have been diagnosed with a serious mental illness
95% (approximately 14 million) Criminal cases were filed in state criminal courts, compared to 75,861 filed in federal court. 
Individuals detained due to their inability to pay bail experience markedly worse case outcomes than their peers awaiting trial on bond. 
36.After reviewing the confirmed statistics in the previous question, please answer the following.
Strongly Disagree
Disagree
Neither Agree nor Disagree
Agree
Strongly Agree
It is important to decrease mass incarceration 
I can look for opportunities in my job to decrease mass incarceration
My job offers opportunities to address racial disparities in the criminal justice system
It is important to decrease racial disparities in the criminal justice system.
It is important to prevent overcharging in the criminal justice system.
My job offers opportunities to prevent overcharging in the criminal justice system
It is important to implement reform in the criminal justice system.
Current Progress,
0 of 36 answered