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DEMOGRAPHICS:
Please tell us about yourself.

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* 1. Where do you reside?

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* 2. What is your age

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* 3. What is your race?

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* 4. What is your gender identity?

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* 5. What is your household income?

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* 6. Which best describes your education level?

EXPERIENCE WITH SUBSTANCE USE:

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* 7. Do you have experience with any of the following? (Click all that apply).

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* 8. If you answered yes to misusing prescription opioids, or using illicit (prohibited) opioids, how often do/did you use them?

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* 9. What is your experience with prescription opioids?

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* 10. Do you know someone dealing with an opioid issue?

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* 11. Do you know someone who has experienced a drug overdose in the last three years?

BARRIERS:

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* 12. Which of the following do you believe are the biggest barriers to accessing substance use disorder treatment services in your community? Please click on the arrow keys to move your three choices to the top of the page.

DRUG RELATED PROBLEMS IN THE COMMUNITY:
Please tell us what you know about drug related issues in your community.

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* 13. On a scale of 1 to 5 (with 1 being Not Severe at All and 5 being Most Severe), how severe are each of the problems listed below in your community?

  Not Severe at All Mildly Severe Moderately Severe Highly Severe Most Severe
Drug-related poverty or homelessness
Easily available drugs
Illicit use of opioids
General illicit drug use
Drug-related theft, burglary, and property crimes
Non-medical use of prescription opioids
Drug-related domestic violence
Drug overdoses
Drug-related community violence
Youth substance use
Lack of support for people who use drugs
Public illegal substance use
Public legal substance use
Drug-related traffic accidents
Drug litter/discarded drugs
Lack of understanding and compassion for people who use drugs
Lack of knowledge and awareness of what is helpful for people who use drugs
OPIOID-RELATED KNOWLEDGE:

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* 14. To the best of your knowledge, rate the following statements as either True or False.

  True False
Fentanyl is often added to other drugs, so people may not know they are taking it
Narcan/Naloxone is a drug that reverses the effects of opioids in the body
In Virginia, you can only get Narcan/naloxone with a prescription
Suboxone, buprenorphine, and methadone are medications that reduce opioid cravings and withdrawal symptoms
In Virginia, fentanyl test strips, which detect whether a drug has fentanyl in it, are illegal
In Virginia, someone who calls 911 to help a person experiencing overdose is immune from prosecution, even if they possess or have used drugs themselves. However, they are not immune from prosecution if they are on probation, parole, or work release.
Narcan/Naloxone can be used to reverse a methamphetamine or cocaine overdose.
You can easily overdose from merely breathing air in a room that has an opioid such as fentanyl
You can easily overdose from merely touching an opioid such as fentanyl
You should only give Narcan/Naloxone to someone you know for a fact is overdosing on opioids, otherwise it could harm them
INFORMATION SOURCES:

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* 15. How much do you rely on the following sources to get information on opioids and other drugs?

  Never Rarely Sometimes Often Very Often
Friends
Family
Colleagues
Academic or medical websites
Government
Radio
News Outlets
Physical health care providers
Mental health care providers
Substance Use Disorder treatment providers
Recovery groups
Social media
Nonprofits and community groups
Overdose Prevention and Response programs (Harm Reduction)
STIGMA AROUND DRUG USE AND OVERDOSE PREVENTION AND RESPONSE:
The next question will ask you about your perceptions of stigma against people who use illicit opioids in your community. For this survey, stigma refers to negative attitudes, behaviors, or beliefs.

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* 16. Please select from Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree for each question.

  Strongly Disagree Slightly Disagree Neither Agree nor Disagree Slightly Agree Strongly Agree
Believe individuals who use illicit opioids cannot be trusted
Believe individuals who use illicit opioids are dangerous
Will take the opinions of someone who uses illicit opioids less seriously
Would not date someone who uses illicit opioids
Feel that use of illicit opioids is a sign of personal failure
Would not accept someone who uses illicit opioids as a close friend
Total abstinence is the only way for someone using opioids to recover
People who use opioids are not contributing members of society
People who use opioids must have an addiction problem
People can only overdose if they chose to use opioids
OPIOID OVERDOSE RESPONSE:

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* 17. Imagine if you came across someone experiencing an opioid overdose...

On a scale of 1 to 5, with 1 being Strongly Disagree and 5 being Strongly Agree, how much do you agree with the following statements?

  Strongly Disagree Slightly Disagree Neither Agree nor Disagree Slightly Agree Strongly Agree
I would be willing to carry and administer Narcan/naloxone
I know what the signs and symptoms of an opioid overdose are
I know how to administer Narcan/naloxone
I know what to do in the event of an opioid overdose
I would be afraid of doing something wrong
I would be afraid the person who overdosed might be hostile or aggressive
I would be afraid of hurting the person who overdosed
I would be afraid of causing withdrawal symptoms in the person who overdosed
I would be afraid to help because I would be afraid of getting in trouble for being with someone who was using drugs
I would not want to help someone if I knew they were overdosing on drugs
HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTION STRATEGIES AROUND OPIOIDS:

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* 18. To what extent do you support or oppose the following strategies?

  Strongly Oppose Slightly Oppose Neither Oppose nor Support Slightly Support Strongly Support
Impaired driving prevention (designated drivers, rideshare, public transit)
Education on safe drug use to keep people healthy and prevent overdoses
Medications for Substance Use Disorder
Narcan/Naloxone distribution
Wound care distribution
Legal protections for people who seek or need help during a drug overdose
Testing strip supplies (to detect the presence of fentanyl and nitazines)
Access to housing for homeless people that does not require them to be sober
Syringe services programs (needle exchange)
Wound care services & kits
Thank you for your time and assistance with this survey!
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