Shelter Medicine Journal Club - November 2025

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* 1. What is your first name?

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* 2. What is your last name?

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* 3. What is your email address?

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* 4. Which of the known pathogens was present in every sample that tested positive for 2 or more pathogens?

Mycoplasma canis (M. canis)

Parainfluenza (CPiV)

Respiratory Coronavirus (CRCoV)

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* 5. Which of the following statements is true about the Vientovirus detected in one sample?

Experimentally infected dogs failed to induce respiratory clinical signs.

The pathogenicity of Vientovirus is currently poorly understood, with the virus being mainly detected in fecal samples from dogs with hemorrhagic diarrhea.

The detected viral sequence showed greater than 90% similarity to human-associated strains.

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* 6. Which one of the following atypical pathogens detected in this study has previously been associated with respiratory signs in dogs such as dyspnea, nasal discharge, or coughing?

Canine Calicivirus

Canine Circovirus

Canine Vientovirus

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* 7. Bordetella bronchiseptica (B. bronchiseptica) was an uncommonly detected pathogen in this study. Which of the following explanations are consistent with this finding?

The tests were not optimized for detection of Bordetella.

Bordetella infections are relatively less common compared to infections with newly emerging pathogens.

Bordetella infections are more common in shelter dogs compared to owned dogs.

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* 8. The evidence available from this study suggests what about the cause of the increase in CIRDC cases observed in the winter of 2023–2024?

It is unlikely to have been caused by infection with any single pathogen.

It was most likely caused by a novel pathogen that could not be detected by the available tests.

The high prevalence of Mycoplasma positive samples suggests that these bacteria were a primary cause in many of these cases.