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* 1. "The old employments by which we have heretofore gained our livelihood are gradually, and it may be inevitably, passing into other hands. Every hour sees the Black man elbowed out of employment by some newly arrived immigrant whose hunger and whose color are thought to give him a better title to the place.”

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* 2. "It is true that we are no longer slaves, but it is equally true that we are not yet quite free. We have been turned out of the house of bondage, but we have not yet been fully admitted to the glorious temple of American liberty. We are still in a transition state and the future is shrouded in doubt and danger."

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* 3. “It is evident, painfully evident to every reflecting mind that the means of living, for colored men, are becoming more and more precarious and limited. Employments and callings, formerly monopolized by us, are so no longer."

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* 4. "To those of the White race who look to the incoming of those of foreign birth and strange tongue and habits. . . cast down your bucket where you are. Cast it down among the eight millions of Negroes whose habits you know.”

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* 5. "The Negro as a barber is rapidly losing ground in the city. . . . The competition of German and Italian barbers furnished the last and most potent reason for the withdrawal of the Negro; . . . they cut down the customary prices and some of them found business co-operation and encouragement which Negroes could not hope for . . . Already a White labor union movement is beginning to crowd the Negro, to ask for legislation which will strike him most forcibly and in other ways to bring organized endeavor to bear upon disorganized apathy."

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* 6. ““Coming into this nation as paupers who must work or starve, they readily afford a means by which commercial institutions may obtain cheap labor, thereby depriving native born Americans of the opportunity to work which is justly theirs. The entrance of any considerable number of these emigrants into a community is generally a signal for reduction in wages. It matters little to corporations whether or not native Americans are thrown out of employment. All they desire is cheap labor and whether or not such labor is furnished by Americans or foreigners is a matter which gives them little concern.”

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* 7. "Instead of reducing immigration to 2 percent of the 1890 quota, we favor reducing it to nothing.... We favor shutting out the Germans from Germany, the Italians from Italy...the Hindus from India, the Chinese from China, and even the Negroes from the West Indies. This country is suffering from immigrant indigestion."
"It is time to call a halt on this grand rush for American gold, which over-floods the labor market, resulting in lowering the standard of living, race-riots, and general social degradation. The excessive immigration is against the interests of the masses of all races and nationalities in the country — both foreign and native."

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* 8. "[I]mperfect beginnings can have lasting consequences. Even if employers subsequently learn the true abilities of these workers, a rational employer may still discriminate against them in promotion so that their true ability is not revealed to other employers.”

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* 9. “A review of the record suggests that Black Americans after the Civil War did everything they possibly could to neutralize racism and advance their economic fortunes. They failed, not because of any fault in their own strategies, but because the racial barriers set up by the dominant group were too unyielding.”

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* 10. Where would you like to email your results?

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