INTRODUCTION - 8 - CLEANING_Soil Types and Residues

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* 1. Enter your first and last name

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* 2. What is problematic about soils inside milking equipment?

If mineral soils are not removed, they may cause milk deterioration and petrification.

If fat soils are not removed, there may not be enough rancidity needed to avoid microorganism development.

If protein soils are not removed, they may be denaturated and increase acidity.

If organic and mineral soils are not removed, they may serve as nutrients, as well as a breeding ground, for microorganisms.

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* 3. Select all of the correct statements regarding soil removal.

organic matter and minerals are removed from milking equipment by using soaps and acids

microorganisms are killed by sanitizers

composite soils are more difficult to remove than single ones

biofilms are easier to remove than fat soils

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* 4. What makes proteins become more difficult to remove from milking equipment?

their dissolution by low temperatures or rancidity

their solidification by the alkali cycle

their denaturation by high temperatures or acidity

their volatilization by high temperatures or alkalinity

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* 5. Mineral soils are:

generally removed with acidic compounds

very soluble in lipidic solutions

easily removed by alkali concentrated detergents

generally removed with extremely high temperatures

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* 6. Sugar soils are:

generally easy to remove in the rinsing and cleaning cycles if they have been caramelized at high temperatures

water soluble and generally easy to remove in the rinsing and cleaning cycles

caramelized at low temperatures, making them highly adherent to surfaces and difficult to remove

quite insoluble in water and need to be removed by thermal and chemical means

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* 7. Select all that apply. If microorganisms or chemicals are not removed from milking equipment they may cause:

human health hazards (intoxication)

milk contamination (deterioration)

food processing problems (deterioration, flavor losses)

human diseases such as tuberculosis

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* 8. How are soils removed from the inner surface of the milking equipment?

by a combination of chemicals, temperature, time, and mechanical actions during the general cleaning process

mainly by the hot water cycle

by the acid rinse cycle, which is the most important part of the cleaning process

by the mechanical effects of washing (turbulence, water slugs, and manual friction)

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* 9. Select all that apply. Proteins are:

insoluble in water

the most difficult deposits to remove from the milking equipment

easily removed by non-chlorine solutions

highly soluble in alkali solutions

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* 10. Lipid (fat) deposits are:

water insoluble and removed from milking equipment by hot alkali solutions

removed from milking equipment by hot lipidic solutions

highly soluble in a combination of water and acids

removed from milking equipment by warm acidic solutions

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* 11. Select all that apply. Milkstones are:

easily removed from milking equipment by warm alkaline solutions

porous deposits, which can harbor microbes

formed by calcium phosphates in milk that adhere to surfaces

formed by proteins that are denatured and deposited on heated surfaces

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* 12. Select all that apply. Biofilms are:

soil/bacteria matrices that can protect bacteria from the sanitation process

made from impervious materials present in milk

more easily attached to porous or rough materials

very difficult to remove from the surface of milking equipment