Ethically Sourcing the Ground: Investigating Forced Labor in Landscape Architecture Material Supply Chains

Quiz for 1.0 CEU (HSW)

Thank you for viewing the Landscape Architecture Foundation's webinar "Ethically Sourcing the Ground: Investigating Forced Labor in Landscape Architecture Material Supply Chains."

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Question Title

* 1. Dr. Franca Trubiano: An estimated ____ children, women, and men are ensnared in forced labor today.

A. 800,000

B. 10 million

C. 28 million

D. 55 million

Question Title

* 2. Dr. Franca Trubiano: Which if the following are among the 11 indicators of forced labor?

A. Abuse

B. Restriction of movement

C. Intimidation and threats

D. Wage witholding

E. All of the above

F. None of the above

Question Title

* 3. Jeb Polstein: What was the primary finding of the survey of landscape architects that was conducted by the research team?

A. Most respondents have a good understanding of materials sourcing related to forced labor.

B. Labor protocols are commonly evaluated in the surveyed design firms.

C. Very few respondents consider fair labor as part of their materials selection process.

D. Respondents understand that polymers present a high risk of forced labor.

Question Title

* 4. Jeb Polstein: Why might manufacturers not share material compositions and origins (e.g. through EPDs)?

A. The risk-to-reward ratio is too high.

B. They may be hesitant to be exposed to scrutiny.

C. They may be hesitant to reveal business connections they have invested in cultivating.

D. Some representatives may not have access to the information requested.

E. All of the above

Question Title

* 5. Dr. Franca Trubiano: What challenges exist when using a supply chain mapping software like the one featured in the presentation?

A. If a company's global trade footprint is too small to measure

B. If a company's global trade footprint is too large to measure

C. Dark spots in the data

D. All of the above

Question Title

* 6. Lee Williams: Which of the below materials were among those evaluated by the research team for their risk of forced labor?

A. Geotextiles

B. Natural stone

C. Permeable pavers

D. A and C

Question Title

* 7. Emily Silber: The bulk of concrete used in permeable pavers is made from...

A. Rubber aggregate

B. Polyethylene and polypropylene

C. Raw materials, gravel, sand, and aggregate

D. Industrial scrap and reclaimed materials

Question Title

* 8. Lee Williams: Synthetic turf is currently at the center of policy debate and public protest, which has resulted in states and municipalities advancing legislation...

A. Restricting, regulating, or pausing the use of turf containing toxic substances.

B. Limiting the ability of designers to specify synthetic turf.

C. Addressing the high cost of synthetic turf.

D. Limiting the use of synthetic turf to only near waterfronts.

Question Title

* 9. Amy Arato: Which of the below are key conclusions from the research process?

A. Manufacturers lack transparency in their material supply chains.

B. Landscape designers are mostly unaware of the extent and scale of forced labor in the materials they specify.

C. Industry-based certifications are insufficiently robust to ensure that forced labor is not found in products specified.

D. Access to third-party, objective data is essential for investigating and evaluating - but cost remains prohibitively high.

E. All of the above

Question Title

* 10. Signe Nielsen: What final advocacy actions are recommended by the research team to combat forced labor in the landscape architecture industry?

A. Advocate for the public sector to enact laws to prohibit products that use forced labor.

B. Demand third party certifiers embed rigor.

C. Educate the private sector about the importance of using forced-labor-free products.

D. All of the above

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