M Locus - Merle Quiz

1. "Merle - SINE Insertion from Mc - Mh - The Incredible Story of Merle" By Mary Langevin

Questions in this quiz are based on information from my book -

"Merle - SINE Insertion from Mc - Mh - The Incredible Story of Merle."

https://www.merle-sine-insertion-from-mc-mh.com/

Answers may also be found in our research paper -

"Merle phenotypes in dogs – SILV SINE insertions from Mc to Mh."

Authors - Mary Langevin, Helena Synkova, Tereza Jancuskova, Sona Pekova
Published: September 20, 2018

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0198536

Question Title

1. Which of the following Merle genotypes can create a Minimal Merle pattern?

Mh - Harlequin Merle

Tweed Pattern

Inheritance of a Major Allele

Homozygous Test Result

Mosaicism

Mc - Cryptic Merle

Inheritance of a Minor Allele

Question Title

2. Which of the following Merle allele combinations can delete pigment to white?

Ma/Ma

Mc+/M

Ma+/Ma+

Mc/Mc+

Mc/Mh

Mc/M

Mc/Ma+

M/M

Mc/Ma

m/M

Question Title

3. A Germline Mutation cannot be passed to offspring.

True

False

Question Title

4. Which one of the following best describes the genetic meaning of Cryptic Merle?

Phantom Merle

Hidden Merle

Mc Merle Allele

Masked Merle

Minimal Merle

Ghost Merle

Question Title

5. A test result of m/Ma+/M indicates which of the following?

The dog has 3 alleles per cell - m, Ma+ and M

The dog has both Ma+/M cells and m/M cells

The dog has both m/Ma+ cells and m/M cells

The dog is a " Double Merle" and may have some pigment deleted to white

Question Title

6. Tweed is described as a Merle pattern that expresses with random shaded-in or solid areas, usually with two or three distinguishable shades.

Which of the following Merle genotypes can express with a Tweed pattern.

Mc/Ma

Mc+/Ma

Ma+/Ma+

Ma/Ma

Mosaicism

Mc/M

m/M

Ma/M

Mc/Mc

Question Title

7. What is the most accurate sample material that can be used for Merle testing?

Hair

Buccal Swab (Cheek/Mouth Swab)

Germline Cells

Blood

Skin/Body Parts (docked tails, dew claws)

Question Title

8. Which of the following breedings could result in pigment being deleted to white in the offspring with the risk of hearing and/or vision impairments?

m/M x Ma/Ma

Mc/Mc x M/M

m/Mh x m/m

Ma+/Ma+ x Mc/Mc+

Ma/Ma x Ma/Ma

Ma/M x Mc/Mc

Mc+/Ma+ x Mc/Ma+

Mc/Ma x Mc+/M

Mc/Mc+ x Mc/Mc+

Mc/M x Mc/Mc

Mc/Ma x Ma/Ma

Mc/Mh x Mc/Mc

Question Title

9. Square brackets around an allele indicates what on a test result?

The allele has a larger percentage of cells present in the sample material

The allele is the minor allele

The allele has been inherited from the sire

The allele is the major allele

The allele cannot be passed to offspring

Question Title

10. The percentage of cells in a mosaic result can have an impact the dog's phenotype.

True

False

Question Title

* 1. Which of the following Merle genotypes can create a Minimal Merle pattern?

Question Title

* 2. Which of the following Merle allele combinations can delete pigment to white?

Question Title

* 3. A Germline Mutation cannot be passed to offspring.

Question Title

* 4. Which one of the following best describes the genetic meaning of Cryptic Merle?

Question Title

* 5. A test result of m/Ma+/M indicates which of the following?

Question Title

* 6. Tweed is described as a Merle pattern that expresses with random shaded-in or solid areas, usually with two or three distinguishable shades.Which of the following Merle genotypes can express with a Tweed pattern.

Question Title

* 7. What is the most accurate sample material that can be used for Merle testing?

Question Title

* 8. Which of the following breedings could result in pigment being deleted to white in the offspring with the risk of hearing and/or vision impairments?

Question Title

* 9. Square brackets around an allele indicates what on a test result?

Question Title

* 10. The percentage of cells in a mosaic result can have an impact the dog's phenotype.

1. Which of the following Merle genotypes can create a Minimal Merle pattern?

2. Which of the following Merle allele combinations can delete pigment to white?

3. A Germline Mutation cannot be passed to offspring.

4. Which one of the following best describes the genetic meaning of Cryptic Merle?

5. A test result of m/Ma+/M indicates which of the following?

6. Tweed is described as a Merle pattern that expresses with random shaded-in or solid areas, usually with two or three distinguishable shades.

Which of the following Merle genotypes can express with a Tweed pattern.

7. What is the most accurate sample material that can be used for Merle testing?

8. Which of the following breedings could result in pigment being deleted to white in the offspring with the risk of hearing and/or vision impairments?

9. Square brackets around an allele indicates what on a test result?

10. The percentage of cells in a mosaic result can have an impact the dog's phenotype.