MRC World Microbiome Day Quiz Comp - Day 3 - Critical Care For each question below, select the correct multiple choice or check box to provide your answer. You must complete the quiz for each day and get 100% of the answers correct to stay in the running for the prize, and you must include your name and email on each entry Question Title * 1. True or False?: The largest study to date on the microbiome in critical illness showed that critically ill patients had rapid depletion of health‐promoting organisms and overgrowth of known pathogens. True False Question Title * 2. A study comparing 37 critically ill paediatric patients demonstrated that pediatric ICU patients had decreased diversity with enrichment at the genus level of ________________ and _______________ at multiple body sites with depletion of commensals such as _________________ and _________________ from the gut. Bifidobacteria and Bacteroides / Actinomyces and Veillonella Enterococcus and Staphylococcus / Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus Streptococcus and Haemophilus / Camplyobacter and Fusobacterium. Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus / Enterococcus and Staphylococcus Question Title * 3. Numerous therapeutic strategies currently exist for manipulating the microbiome in the ICU. These include: the Valsalva manouvre, cardioversion, and aministration of antiarrhythmic agents. probiotics, faecal microbial transplant (FMT), and selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD). administration of prokinetic agents, and insertion of rectal catheters. empirical antibiotic therapy followed by probiotic agents. Question Title * 4. The concept of the pathobiome seeks to understand: the assemblage of viruses that is often investigated and described by metagenomic sequencing of viral nucleic acids that are found associated with a particular ecosystem, organism or holobiont. the assemblage of a host and the many other species living in or around it, which together form a discrete ecological unit. how interactions between organisms in, and immediately surrounding, a host, together with the associated physicochemistries of those environments enable or inhibit an organisms' ability to cause disease. Question Title * 5. Faecal microbial transplant has proven to be remarkably successful in recurrent __________________, where a meta‐analysis of 37 trials shows 92% resolution and a relative risk of 0.23 compared to oral vancomycin, similar to the original landmark study of FMT showing a 93.8% cure rate. Escherichia coli infection. Clostridioides difficile colitis. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection Question Title * 6. True or False?: Meta‐analyses and multiple studies have indicated that probiotics are effective at decreasing ventilator‐associated pneumonia but do not alter the length of stay or mortality. The clear limitation on published works on probiotics is the significant heterogeneity between studies in dose, length, and bacteria given. True False Question Title * 7. Enter your information below to be in the running for the prize for most the correct answers: Your name: Your contact number: Your email: Are you a hospital employee, university employee, or a member of the public: Country of Residence: Postcode: Are you happy to be contacted by the MRC about future events, education and research? Done