Partnership in the development of green supply chains based on the automotive industry

The main objective is to examine the current situation of the Green Supply Chain in Automotive Industry. As well predict possible scenarios for the Development of Green Supply Chain in Automotive industry in the next 10 years. The second objective is to formulate Green Supply Chain parntnership's model based on the analysis of the experiences of companies in the automotive industry.

The definition of Green Supply Chain by S. K. Srivastavy [Srivastava, 2007]

"Management of green supply chain is associated with a full cycle of design, manufacture, packaging, sales, use and recycling, taking into account the processes of storage transport and exchange of information, which should comply with the relevant environmental standards."

The survey questionnaire has been prepared for all participants in the supply chain (from the 3 rd supplier to the final customer).

Supplier 3 row (TIER–THREE SUPPLIER)

Supplier 2 row (TIER–TWO SUPPLIER)

Supplier 1 row (TIER–ONE SUPPLIER)

Transportation company* The company provides services including transportation or as well storage, integrated logistics management (3PLor 4PL companies)

Manufactory

Dealer

Final customer* * The final customers will be transport companies who buy trucks. Thus, it may happen that a transport company, which providing services to the automotive industry will be as well end users.

Parent company*** is the main link in the supply chain, company which dictates trends for other partners in the supply chain

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* 1. In what country is your headquarters located?

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* 2. About how many employees work at your organization?

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* 3. Please kindly fill which part of supply chain is your company?

Supplier row 3

Supplier row 2

Supplier row 1

Transport company

Manufactory

Dealer

Final customer

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* 4. Please indicate where main parent company (main link which dictates trends) is located in the major supply chain?

Supplier row 3

Supplier row 2

Supplier row 1

Transport company

Manufactory

Dealer

Final customer

Not indicate

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* 5. Is your company a parent company?

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* 6. What form of agreement does involve your company with the parent company?

joint venture

subsidiary company

outsourcing

franchising

long term contract

Other (please specify)

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* 7. What type of relation does involve your company with the parent company?

partnership, strong relationship with parent company

strong leadership from parent company

weak relationships, no identification with parent company

medium relationship with parent company

totally independent from parent company

Other (please specify)

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* 8. How would you rate your cooperation in the supply chain with parent company?

	very weak	weak	average	strong	very strong
Access to relevant databases of partners business	Access to relevant databases of partners business very weak	Access to relevant databases of partners business weak	Access to relevant databases of partners business average	Access to relevant databases of partners business strong	Access to relevant databases of partners business very strong
Speed of information flow	Speed of information flow very weak	Speed of information flow weak	Speed of information flow average	Speed of information flow strong	Speed of information flow very strong
Trust between partners	Trust between partners very weak	Trust between partners weak	Trust between partners average	Trust between partners strong	Trust between partners very strong
Joint planning and forecasting	Joint planning and forecasting very weak	Joint planning and forecasting weak	Joint planning and forecasting average	Joint planning and forecasting strong	Joint planning and forecasting very strong
Sharing the risks and benefits of partnership	Sharing the risks and benefits of partnership very weak	Sharing the risks and benefits of partnership weak	Sharing the risks and benefits of partnership average	Sharing the risks and benefits of partnership strong	Sharing the risks and benefits of partnership very strong
Joint commitment to reach the target	Joint commitment to reach the target very weak	Joint commitment to reach the target weak	Joint commitment to reach the target average	Joint commitment to reach the target strong	Joint commitment to reach the target very strong
Promoting green solutions along the supply chain	Promoting green solutions along the supply chain very weak	Promoting green solutions along the supply chain weak	Promoting green solutions along the supply chain average	Promoting green solutions along the supply chain strong	Promoting green solutions along the supply chain very strong
Joint recyckling process	Joint recyckling process very weak	Joint recyckling process weak	Joint recyckling process average	Joint recyckling process strong	Joint recyckling process very strong
Green transport policy	Green transport policy very weak	Green transport policy weak	Green transport policy average	Green transport policy strong	Green transport policy very strong
Joint environmentally friendly raw materials politics	Joint environmentally friendly raw materials politics very weak	Joint environmentally friendly raw materials politics weak	Joint environmentally friendly raw materials politics average	Joint environmentally friendly raw materials politics strong	Joint environmentally friendly raw materials politics very strong
Joint flow of packaging	Joint flow of packaging very weak	Joint flow of packaging weak	Joint flow of packaging average	Joint flow of packaging strong	Joint flow of packaging very strong
Policy of joint CO2 emission elimination	Policy of joint CO2 emission elimination very weak	Policy of joint CO2 emission elimination weak	Policy of joint CO2 emission elimination average	Policy of joint CO2 emission elimination strong	Policy of joint CO2 emission elimination very strong
Using alternative energy sources	Using alternative energy sources very weak	Using alternative energy sources weak	Using alternative energy sources average	Using alternative energy sources strong	Using alternative energy sources very strong
Using fully electric vehicles	Using fully electric vehicles very weak	Using fully electric vehicles weak	Using fully electric vehicles average	Using fully electric vehicles strong	Using fully electric vehicles very strong

Other (please specify)

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* 9. What are the requirements imposed by parent company, strategic supplier or strategic customer to your company in the field of managing green supply chain?

	parent company	strategic supplier	strategic customer
Respecting code of cunduct	Respecting code of cunduct parent company	Respecting code of cunduct strategic supplier	Respecting code of cunduct strategic customer
ISO 14 000 group certificate	ISO 14 000 group certificate parent company	ISO 14 000 group certificate strategic supplier	ISO 14 000 group certificate strategic customer
working with CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility)	working with CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) parent company	working with CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) strategic supplier	working with CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) strategic customer
Following technological and technical solutions	Following technological and technical solutions parent company	Following technological and technical solutions strategic supplier	Following technological and technical solutions strategic customer
Using unified IT system	Using unified IT system parent company	Using unified IT system strategic supplier	Using unified IT system strategic customer
Using environmentally friendly raw materials	Using environmentally friendly raw materials parent company	Using environmentally friendly raw materials strategic supplier	Using environmentally friendly raw materials strategic customer
Policy of joint recycling process	Policy of joint recycling process parent company	Policy of joint recycling process strategic supplier	Policy of joint recycling process strategic customer
Using alternative fuel vehicles (hybrid, CNG, LPG, others)	Using alternative fuel vehicles (hybrid, CNG, LPG, others) parent company	Using alternative fuel vehicles (hybrid, CNG, LPG, others) strategic supplier	Using alternative fuel vehicles (hybrid, CNG, LPG, others) strategic customer
Using at leat EURO 5 norms vehicles	Using at leat EURO 5 norms vehicles parent company	Using at leat EURO 5 norms vehicles strategic supplier	Using at leat EURO 5 norms vehicles strategic customer

Other (please specify)

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* 10. Criteria for selection different partners in the green supply chain?

	Supplier 3 row	Supplier 2 row	Supplier 1 row	Manufacture	Transport company	Dealer	Final customer
closest location for the factory	closest location for the factory Supplier 3 row	closest location for the factory Supplier 2 row	closest location for the factory Supplier 1 row	closest location for the factory Manufacture	closest location for the factory Transport company	closest location for the factory Dealer	closest location for the factory Final customer
low price of the product/service	low price of the product/service Supplier 3 row	low price of the product/service Supplier 2 row	low price of the product/service Supplier 1 row	low price of the product/service Manufacture	low price of the product/service Transport company	low price of the product/service Dealer	low price of the product/service Final customer
high quality of the product/service	high quality of the product/service Supplier 3 row	high quality of the product/service Supplier 2 row	high quality of the product/service Supplier 1 row	high quality of the product/service Manufacture	high quality of the product/service Transport company	high quality of the product/service Dealer	high quality of the product/service Final customer
companie's good financial position	companie's good financial position Supplier 3 row	companie's good financial position Supplier 2 row	companie's good financial position Supplier 1 row	companie's good financial position Manufacture	companie's good financial position Transport company	companie's good financial position Dealer	companie's good financial position Final customer
provide added value for the group	provide added value for the group Supplier 3 row	provide added value for the group Supplier 2 row	provide added value for the group Supplier 1 row	provide added value for the group Manufacture	provide added value for the group Transport company	provide added value for the group Dealer	provide added value for the group Final customer
has ISO group 14000	has ISO group 14000 Supplier 3 row	has ISO group 14000 Supplier 2 row	has ISO group 14000 Supplier 1 row	has ISO group 14000 Manufacture	has ISO group 14000 Transport company	has ISO group 14000 Dealer	has ISO group 14000 Final customer
has CSR (corporate social responsible)	has CSR (corporate social responsible) Supplier 3 row	has CSR (corporate social responsible) Supplier 2 row	has CSR (corporate social responsible) Supplier 1 row	has CSR (corporate social responsible) Manufacture	has CSR (corporate social responsible) Transport company	has CSR (corporate social responsible) Dealer	has CSR (corporate social responsible) Final customer
high range of product/service	high range of product/service Supplier 3 row	high range of product/service Supplier 2 row	high range of product/service Supplier 1 row	high range of product/service Manufacture	high range of product/service Transport company	high range of product/service Dealer	high range of product/service Final customer
the use of environmentally friendly raw materials	the use of environmentally friendly raw materials Supplier 3 row	the use of environmentally friendly raw materials Supplier 2 row	the use of environmentally friendly raw materials Supplier 1 row	the use of environmentally friendly raw materials Manufacture	the use of environmentally friendly raw materials Transport company	the use of environmentally friendly raw materials Dealer	the use of environmentally friendly raw materials Final customer
Waste reduction and recycling program	Waste reduction and recycling program Supplier 3 row	Waste reduction and recycling program Supplier 2 row	Waste reduction and recycling program Supplier 1 row	Waste reduction and recycling program Manufacture	Waste reduction and recycling program Transport company	Waste reduction and recycling program Dealer	Waste reduction and recycling program Final customer
Planning green transport	Planning green transport Supplier 3 row	Planning green transport Supplier 2 row	Planning green transport Supplier 1 row	Planning green transport Manufacture	Planning green transport Transport company	Planning green transport Dealer	Planning green transport Final customer
Use multimodal transport	Use multimodal transport Supplier 3 row	Use multimodal transport Supplier 2 row	Use multimodal transport Supplier 1 row	Use multimodal transport Manufacture	Use multimodal transport Transport company	Use multimodal transport Dealer	Use multimodal transport Final customer
Improving energy and resource efficiency	Improving energy and resource efficiency Supplier 3 row	Improving energy and resource efficiency Supplier 2 row	Improving energy and resource efficiency Supplier 1 row	Improving energy and resource efficiency Manufacture	Improving energy and resource efficiency Transport company	Improving energy and resource efficiency Dealer	Improving energy and resource efficiency Final customer
Use alternative or renewable energy sources	Use alternative or renewable energy sources Supplier 3 row	Use alternative or renewable energy sources Supplier 2 row	Use alternative or renewable energy sources Supplier 1 row	Use alternative or renewable energy sources Manufacture	Use alternative or renewable energy sources Transport company	Use alternative or renewable energy sources Dealer	Use alternative or renewable energy sources Final customer
Information transparency and openness	Information transparency and openness Supplier 3 row	Information transparency and openness Supplier 2 row	Information transparency and openness Supplier 1 row	Information transparency and openness Manufacture	Information transparency and openness Transport company	Information transparency and openness Dealer	Information transparency and openness Final customer
not applicable	not applicable Supplier 3 row	not applicable Supplier 2 row	not applicable Supplier 1 row	not applicable Manufacture	not applicable Transport company	not applicable Dealer	not applicable Final customer

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* 11. How it's logistics organized in your company?

	insourcing	outsourcing
internal transport	internal transport insourcing	internal transport outsourcing
external transport	external transport insourcing	external transport outsourcing
integrated logistics	integrated logistics insourcing	integrated logistics outsourcing
inventory management	inventory management insourcing	inventory management outsourcing
municipal waste	municipal waste insourcing	municipal waste outsourcing
industrial waste	industrial waste insourcing	industrial waste outsourcing
packaging	packaging insourcing	packaging outsourcing
warehousing	warehousing insourcing	warehousing outsourcing
customs	customs insourcing	customs outsourcing
IT administration	IT administration insourcing	IT administration outsourcing

Other (please specify)

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* 12. Pleaes identify areas of cooperation in automotive group?

	Supplier 3 row	Supplier 2 row	Supplier 1 row	Manufacture	Transport company	Dealer	Final customer
strategic decisions	strategic decisions Supplier 3 row	strategic decisions Supplier 2 row	strategic decisions Supplier 1 row	strategic decisions Manufacture	strategic decisions Transport company	strategic decisions Dealer	strategic decisions Final customer
one mission and vission	one mission and vission Supplier 3 row	one mission and vission Supplier 2 row	one mission and vission Supplier 1 row	one mission and vission Manufacture	one mission and vission Transport company	one mission and vission Dealer	one mission and vission Final customer
one goal	one goal Supplier 3 row	one goal Supplier 2 row	one goal Supplier 1 row	one goal Manufacture	one goal Transport company	one goal Dealer	one goal Final customer
one road map for nearest future	one road map for nearest future Supplier 3 row	one road map for nearest future Supplier 2 row	one road map for nearest future Supplier 1 row	one road map for nearest future Manufacture	one road map for nearest future Transport company	one road map for nearest future Dealer	one road map for nearest future Final customer
tactical decisions	tactical decisions Supplier 3 row	tactical decisions Supplier 2 row	tactical decisions Supplier 1 row	tactical decisions Manufacture	tactical decisions Transport company	tactical decisions Dealer	tactical decisions Final customer
strategic decisions	strategic decisions Supplier 3 row	strategic decisions Supplier 2 row	strategic decisions Supplier 1 row	strategic decisions Manufacture	strategic decisions Transport company	strategic decisions Dealer	strategic decisions Final customer
operational decisions	operational decisions Supplier 3 row	operational decisions Supplier 2 row	operational decisions Supplier 1 row	operational decisions Manufacture	operational decisions Transport company	operational decisions Dealer	operational decisions Final customer
Joint production planning	Joint production planning Supplier 3 row	Joint production planning Supplier 2 row	Joint production planning Supplier 1 row	Joint production planning Manufacture	Joint production planning Transport company	Joint production planning Dealer	Joint production planning Final customer
Joint delivery planning	Joint delivery planning Supplier 3 row	Joint delivery planning Supplier 2 row	Joint delivery planning Supplier 1 row	Joint delivery planning Manufacture	Joint delivery planning Transport company	Joint delivery planning Dealer	Joint delivery planning Final customer
Joint buyer planning	Joint buyer planning Supplier 3 row	Joint buyer planning Supplier 2 row	Joint buyer planning Supplier 1 row	Joint buyer planning Manufacture	Joint buyer planning Transport company	Joint buyer planning Dealer	Joint buyer planning Final customer
one IT system in all involved parties	one IT system in all involved parties Supplier 3 row	one IT system in all involved parties Supplier 2 row	one IT system in all involved parties Supplier 1 row	one IT system in all involved parties Manufacture	one IT system in all involved parties Transport company	one IT system in all involved parties Dealer	one IT system in all involved parties Final customer
one and same environment policy	one and same environment policy Supplier 3 row	one and same environment policy Supplier 2 row	one and same environment policy Supplier 1 row	one and same environment policy Manufacture	one and same environment policy Transport company	one and same environment policy Dealer	one and same environment policy Final customer
the same standarts of working	the same standarts of working Supplier 3 row	the same standarts of working Supplier 2 row	the same standarts of working Supplier 1 row	the same standarts of working Manufacture	the same standarts of working Transport company	the same standarts of working Dealer	the same standarts of working Final customer
one packaging standard	one packaging standard Supplier 3 row	one packaging standard Supplier 2 row	one packaging standard Supplier 1 row	one packaging standard Manufacture	one packaging standard Transport company	one packaging standard Dealer	one packaging standard Final customer
Joint paper reduction	Joint paper reduction Supplier 3 row	Joint paper reduction Supplier 2 row	Joint paper reduction Supplier 1 row	Joint paper reduction Manufacture	Joint paper reduction Transport company	Joint paper reduction Dealer	Joint paper reduction Final customer
Joint energy use	Joint energy use Supplier 3 row	Joint energy use Supplier 2 row	Joint energy use Supplier 1 row	Joint energy use Manufacture	Joint energy use Transport company	Joint energy use Dealer	Joint energy use Final customer
Joint green transport	Joint green transport Supplier 3 row	Joint green transport Supplier 2 row	Joint green transport Supplier 1 row	Joint green transport Manufacture	Joint green transport Transport company	Joint green transport Dealer	Joint green transport Final customer
Joint recyckling	Joint recyckling Supplier 3 row	Joint recyckling Supplier 2 row	Joint recyckling Supplier 1 row	Joint recyckling Manufacture	Joint recyckling Transport company	Joint recyckling Dealer	Joint recyckling Final customer
Joint waste reduction	Joint waste reduction Supplier 3 row	Joint waste reduction Supplier 2 row	Joint waste reduction Supplier 1 row	Joint waste reduction Manufacture	Joint waste reduction Transport company	Joint waste reduction Dealer	Joint waste reduction Final customer
Joint industrial waste management	Joint industrial waste management Supplier 3 row	Joint industrial waste management Supplier 2 row	Joint industrial waste management Supplier 1 row	Joint industrial waste management Manufacture	Joint industrial waste management Transport company	Joint industrial waste management Dealer	Joint industrial waste management Final customer
Joint use of environmentally friendly raw materials politics	Joint use of environmentally friendly raw materials politics Supplier 3 row	Joint use of environmentally friendly raw materials politics Supplier 2 row	Joint use of environmentally friendly raw materials politics Supplier 1 row	Joint use of environmentally friendly raw materials politics Manufacture	Joint use of environmentally friendly raw materials politics Transport company	Joint use of environmentally friendly raw materials politics Dealer	Joint use of environmentally friendly raw materials politics Final customer
Fostering a green business culture	Fostering a green business culture Supplier 3 row	Fostering a green business culture Supplier 2 row	Fostering a green business culture Supplier 1 row	Fostering a green business culture Manufacture	Fostering a green business culture Transport company	Fostering a green business culture Dealer	Fostering a green business culture Final customer
Developing environmental management systems and monitoring	Developing environmental management systems and monitoring Supplier 3 row	Developing environmental management systems and monitoring Supplier 2 row	Developing environmental management systems and monitoring Supplier 1 row	Developing environmental management systems and monitoring Manufacture	Developing environmental management systems and monitoring Transport company	Developing environmental management systems and monitoring Dealer	Developing environmental management systems and monitoring Final customer
Training programs for all involved parties on new green solutions	Training programs for all involved parties on new green solutions Supplier 3 row	Training programs for all involved parties on new green solutions Supplier 2 row	Training programs for all involved parties on new green solutions Supplier 1 row	Training programs for all involved parties on new green solutions Manufacture	Training programs for all involved parties on new green solutions Transport company	Training programs for all involved parties on new green solutions Dealer	Training programs for all involved parties on new green solutions Final customer
Training programs for final customer on economic driving	Training programs for final customer on economic driving Supplier 3 row	Training programs for final customer on economic driving Supplier 2 row	Training programs for final customer on economic driving Supplier 1 row	Training programs for final customer on economic driving Manufacture	Training programs for final customer on economic driving Transport company	Training programs for final customer on economic driving Dealer	Training programs for final customer on economic driving Final customer

Other (please specify)

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* 13. Please evaluate the use of pro-environmental aspects in creating the image of the company as well as its functioning?

	very weak	weak	average	strong	very strong
Proper selection of business partners (management responsibility)	Proper selection of business partners (management responsibility) very weak	Proper selection of business partners (management responsibility) weak	Proper selection of business partners (management responsibility) average	Proper selection of business partners (management responsibility) strong	Proper selection of business partners (management responsibility) very strong
One environmental regulation for all partners of supply chain	One environmental regulation for all partners of supply chain very weak	One environmental regulation for all partners of supply chain weak	One environmental regulation for all partners of supply chain average	One environmental regulation for all partners of supply chain strong	One environmental regulation for all partners of supply chain very strong
Creating a new 'green' image of the company	Creating a new 'green' image of the company very weak	Creating a new 'green' image of the company weak	Creating a new 'green' image of the company average	Creating a new 'green' image of the company strong	Creating a new 'green' image of the company very strong
% of Saving energy	% of Saving energy very weak	% of Saving energy weak	% of Saving energy average	% of Saving energy strong	% of Saving energy very strong
% of Saving water	% of Saving water very weak	% of Saving water weak	% of Saving water average	% of Saving water strong	% of Saving water very strong
% of Saving paper	% of Saving paper very weak	% of Saving paper weak	% of Saving paper average	% of Saving paper strong	% of Saving paper very strong
New technology for supporting green solutions in the supply chain	New technology for supporting green solutions in the supply chain very weak	New technology for supporting green solutions in the supply chain weak	New technology for supporting green solutions in the supply chain average	New technology for supporting green solutions in the supply chain strong	New technology for supporting green solutions in the supply chain very strong
Joint recyckling process	Joint recyckling process very weak	Joint recyckling process weak	Joint recyckling process average	Joint recyckling process strong	Joint recyckling process very strong
Joint multimodal transport	Joint multimodal transport very weak	Joint multimodal transport weak	Joint multimodal transport average	Joint multimodal transport strong	Joint multimodal transport very strong
Policy of joint environmentally friendly raw materials	Policy of joint environmentally friendly raw materials very weak	Policy of joint environmentally friendly raw materials weak	Policy of joint environmentally friendly raw materials average	Policy of joint environmentally friendly raw materials strong	Policy of joint environmentally friendly raw materials very strong
Joint industrial waste	Joint industrial waste very weak	Joint industrial waste weak	Joint industrial waste average	Joint industrial waste strong	Joint industrial waste very strong
% of industial waste recycling	% of industial waste recycling very weak	% of industial waste recycling weak	% of industial waste recycling average	% of industial waste recycling strong	% of industial waste recycling very strong
Usage of alternative fuel vehicles-hybrid	Usage of alternative fuel vehicles-hybrid very weak	Usage of alternative fuel vehicles-hybrid weak	Usage of alternative fuel vehicles-hybrid average	Usage of alternative fuel vehicles-hybrid strong	Usage of alternative fuel vehicles-hybrid very strong
Usage of alternative fuel vehicles-CNG, LPG	Usage of alternative fuel vehicles-CNG, LPG very weak	Usage of alternative fuel vehicles-CNG, LPG weak	Usage of alternative fuel vehicles-CNG, LPG average	Usage of alternative fuel vehicles-CNG, LPG strong	Usage of alternative fuel vehicles-CNG, LPG very strong
Usage of fully electric vehicles	Usage of fully electric vehicles very weak	Usage of fully electric vehicles weak	Usage of fully electric vehicles average	Usage of fully electric vehicles strong	Usage of fully electric vehicles very strong
Participation in social actions for the environmental protection	Participation in social actions for the environmental protection very weak	Participation in social actions for the environmental protection weak	Participation in social actions for the environmental protection average	Participation in social actions for the environmental protection strong	Participation in social actions for the environmental protection very strong

Other (please specify)

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* 14. Please evaluate internal factors which influence on green supply chain?

	very weak	weak	average	strong	very strong
A small number of specialized, trained employees	A small number of specialized, trained employees very weak	A small number of specialized, trained employees weak	A small number of specialized, trained employees average	A small number of specialized, trained employees strong	A small number of specialized, trained employees very strong
A small number of companies meeting the environmental requirements	A small number of companies meeting the environmental requirements very weak	A small number of companies meeting the environmental requirements weak	A small number of companies meeting the environmental requirements average	A small number of companies meeting the environmental requirements strong	A small number of companies meeting the environmental requirements very strong
Big budget needed for improving and implementing information system supporting green solutions	Big budget needed for improving and implementing information system supporting green solutions very weak	Big budget needed for improving and implementing information system supporting green solutions weak	Big budget needed for improving and implementing information system supporting green solutions average	Big budget needed for improving and implementing information system supporting green solutions strong	Big budget needed for improving and implementing information system supporting green solutions very strong
Little interest on other parts of supply chain for this type of green services	Little interest on other parts of supply chain for this type of green services very weak	Little interest on other parts of supply chain for this type of green services weak	Little interest on other parts of supply chain for this type of green services average	Little interest on other parts of supply chain for this type of green services strong	Little interest on other parts of supply chain for this type of green services very strong
Operational difficulties in managing the return logistics	Operational difficulties in managing the return logistics very weak	Operational difficulties in managing the return logistics weak	Operational difficulties in managing the return logistics average	Operational difficulties in managing the return logistics strong	Operational difficulties in managing the return logistics very strong
The difficulty of the unification of all parts of supply chain to a common observance of environmental rules	The difficulty of the unification of all parts of supply chain to a common observance of environmental rules very weak	The difficulty of the unification of all parts of supply chain to a common observance of environmental rules weak	The difficulty of the unification of all parts of supply chain to a common observance of environmental rules average	The difficulty of the unification of all parts of supply chain to a common observance of environmental rules strong	The difficulty of the unification of all parts of supply chain to a common observance of environmental rules very strong
The difficulty of the unification of all parts of supply chain to a common observance of environmental rules	The difficulty of the unification of all parts of supply chain to a common observance of environmental rules very weak	The difficulty of the unification of all parts of supply chain to a common observance of environmental rules weak	The difficulty of the unification of all parts of supply chain to a common observance of environmental rules average	The difficulty of the unification of all parts of supply chain to a common observance of environmental rules strong	The difficulty of the unification of all parts of supply chain to a common observance of environmental rules very strong
Hard to keep up with the rapid changes in legislation and laws regarding environmental management	Hard to keep up with the rapid changes in legislation and laws regarding environmental management very weak	Hard to keep up with the rapid changes in legislation and laws regarding environmental management weak	Hard to keep up with the rapid changes in legislation and laws regarding environmental management average	Hard to keep up with the rapid changes in legislation and laws regarding environmental management strong	Hard to keep up with the rapid changes in legislation and laws regarding environmental management very strong

Other (please specify)

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* 15. Please evaluate the external factors which influence green supply chain management

	very weak	weak	average	strong	very strong
European Unions laws regulation on environmental protection	European Unions laws regulation on environmental protection very weak	European Unions laws regulation on environmental protection weak	European Unions laws regulation on environmental protection average	European Unions laws regulation on environmental protection strong	European Unions laws regulation on environmental protection very strong
Socio-political situation in the world	Socio-political situation in the world very weak	Socio-political situation in the world weak	Socio-political situation in the world average	Socio-political situation in the world strong	Socio-political situation in the world very strong
The use of new technologies (innovative drives, fuels and engines, etc.)	The use of new technologies (innovative drives, fuels and engines, etc.) very weak	The use of new technologies (innovative drives, fuels and engines, etc.) weak	The use of new technologies (innovative drives, fuels and engines, etc.) average	The use of new technologies (innovative drives, fuels and engines, etc.) strong	The use of new technologies (innovative drives, fuels and engines, etc.) very strong
Global warming (changing weather conditions)	Global warming (changing weather conditions) very weak	Global warming (changing weather conditions) weak	Global warming (changing weather conditions) average	Global warming (changing weather conditions) strong	Global warming (changing weather conditions) very strong
Political conflicts in the world	Political conflicts in the world very weak	Political conflicts in the world weak	Political conflicts in the world average	Political conflicts in the world strong	Political conflicts in the world very strong
Migrations	Migrations very weak	Migrations weak	Migrations average	Migrations strong	Migrations very strong

Other (please specify)