2021 Paleo Knowledge Bowl - Round 2 Question Title * 1. Early mammal relatives are sometimes called “mammal-like reptiles” even though mammals were never actually reptiles. What more accurate choice below is used to describe these creatures? Synapsids Proto-mammals Stem-mammals All of the above OK Question Title * 2. Tiktaalik is a famous fossil that represents an early stage in evolution when the first fish-like animals developed limbs and walked on land, however, there is still the question of how it ate. Fish use suction to trap prey under water, while tetrapods bite in order to capture prey on land. A recent study indicates that Tiktaalik ate using which method? Suction Biting Both suction and biting Constriction OK Question Title * 3. According to the fossil evidence, when did turtle shells evolve?*Note that while a Permian creature called Eunotosaurus is a possible turtle relative with expanded ribs, it does not have a proper shell like a turtle. Triassic Period Jurassic Period Cambrian Period Cretaceous Period OK Question Title * 4. In 2018 Yale paleontologist Jasmina Wiemann was the lead author on a paper that proposed that the colors of modern bird eggs did not evolve independently in many different bird species as was once thought. Instead, the researchers found evidence that these colors evolved from which one of the following groups of animals? Pterosaurs Non-avian dinosaurs Terror birds Crocodiles OK Question Title * 5. Which one of the following groups of marine reptiles survived the K-Pg extinction event that killed off the dinosaurs? Mosasaurs Claudiosaurids Choristoderes Plesiosaurs OK Question Title * 6. Hallucigenia was a peculiar little invertebrate from what geological period? Ordovician Tonian Cambrian Devonian OK Question Title * 7. Mammals and reptiles evolved from land-dwelling ancestors. But many groups of each have secondarily returned to the sea. To adapt to life in the water, these secondarily aquatic groups tended to develop specialized features. Which one of the following features is not an adaption for living in the sea? Feathers Flippers Denser bones Nostrils that are located higher up on their heads OK Question Title * 8. What is the scientific name for fossilized poop? Fecalite Regurgitalite Coprolite Defecalite OK Question Title * 9. With a wingspan of up to 70 cm Meganeura was a top predator during the Carboniferous Period. What modern creature did Meganeura resemble? Hornet Bat Eagle Dragonfly OK Question Title * 10. President Thomas Jefferson told which one of the following explorers to keep an eye out for living Mammoths and Mastodons during his famous exploration of the American West for the U.S government? Francisco Coronado John Fremont Daniel Boone Meriwether Lewis OK DONE