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1. Enter first and last name

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2. The teatcup liner is one of two milking machine components that come into contact with cows.

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3. During milking, there are interactions between the liner and the teat that are:

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4. The selection of the internal diameter of the liner is most often based on:

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5. Select all of the forces that affect the depth a teat moves into a liner shortly after machine attachment.

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6. Pulsation occurs when air pressure in the space between the shell and the liner is varied between atmospheric pressure and liner vacuum in a cyclic manner.

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7. Because milk is removed from the teat by compressive force, the distance the teat enters the liner does not affect the efficiency of milking.

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8. When the liner is closed during pulsation, the vacuum is cut off to the teat end, thus preventing congestion and edema.

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9. When the teat empties during milking, the liner moves up on the teat indicating that:

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10. The main purpose of pulsation is to limit the development of teat tissue congestion and edemas during milking.

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11. Pulsation helps to:

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12. It is perfectly normal and desired for a cow’s milk flow graph to register a short flow followed by little to no flow, then a quick advance to peak flow.

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13. Milk flows from the teat during milking due to the compressive load of the liner applied to the teat.

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14. Average liner compression can be determined, within a pulsation cycle, by measuring the vacuum level in the teatcup pulsation chamber when:

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15. Teat-end hyperkeratosis is a thickening of the skin that lines the teat canal and surrounds the external teat orifice.

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16. Hyperkeratosis can be reduced by:

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17. The main variation in flow rate between cows is due to:

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18. Pre-stimulation typically results in: 

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19. The low-flow rate period of milking begins when the milk flow pathway from at least one quarter becomes restricted.

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20. What machine factor has more to do with milking characteristics than any other?

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21. Machine-induced teat congestion is exacerbated by modern narrow-bore inflations with soft mouthpiece lips.

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