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1. Enter your First and Last Name

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2. _________ is the first feed for neonates after the parturition and provides them with all necessary nutrients for their first days of life.

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3. Milk is synthesized in secretory cells arranged as spherical structures called alveoli, in the interior of the cow’s udder. 

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4. The concentration of antibodies in colostrum averages

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5. Approximately _____ liters of blood must pass through the udder to produce 1 liter of milk.

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6. Select all that apply.  Milk-producing epithelial cells:

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7. Casein is the main carbohydrate present in milk.

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8. Ideally, lactation will be interrupted after _____ months, so that the cow’s udder can ‘rest’ and start a new lactation with her next parturition.

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9. To get more milk from each cow, dairy farms usually manage herds so that each cow gives birth about once every two years and restart its production after a ‘break’ called a “stimulation-period”.

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10. Milk production depends on:

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11. When a cow has ______, her milk production decreases during the infection and becomes compromised for the rest of the lactation.

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12. In order to dry a cow off, it is necessary to stop milking her and hence stop stimulating her to produce milk. 

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13. Right after being ‘dried off’, and right before parturition, cows are very vulnerable to the infection of the mammary gland. 

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14. Select all that apply.  A cow generally gains weight during:

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15. In order to make good management decisions and improve the efficiency and profitability of dairy systems, it is necessary to understand and manage cows throughout their lactation and dry period. 

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