Community and Regional Planning in Newfoundland and Labrador: Beyond the Document
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Thank you for your participation in this survey. The goal of this research project is to identify critical success factors and barriers for small communities in moving from planning to plan implementation, including consideration of the unique requirements and challenges in multi-community planning processes; recommend steps that can be taken to maximize benefits and minimize challenges associated with these processes; and share lessons regionally and provincially on effective community and multi-community socio-economic planning processes.

Phase I of the study involved an examination of planning processes in seven communities and groups of communities within the Gander-New-Wes-Valley Rural Secretariat region. In Phase II a comparison was made between the planning approaches used in each of the seven cases. The purpose of this survey is to determine whether the findings of this study are relevant more widely in the province, beyond the Gander-New-Wes-Valley region.

Please provide responses related to the community and sub-regional (multi-community cluster) plans in your region. These may include economic, social, sector specific, or labour market development planning processes, for example. Do NOT include responses that reflect your larger regional plan(s), such as Strategic Economic Plans and Integrated Business Plans that are conducted by Regional Economic Development Boards. Thank you for taking the time to complete this survey. Your participation is greatly appreciated.

What is the name of the organization you represent? (optional)

What is your position in this organization? (optional)

What region does your organization serve?

PLANNING EXAMPLES IN MY REGION

Please provide examples of plans or planning processes in your region:

Please provide examples of plans or planning processes in your region: 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Other:

PLAN IMPLEMENTATION

1. In general, based on your observations, to what extent are plans in your region being implemented?

1. In general, based on your observations, to what extent are plans in your region being implemented? Minimal implementation (i.e. less than 25% of initiatives are implemented or only low impact/low priority initiatives are implemented)

Limited implementation (i.e. 26-50% of initiatives implemented)

Mostly implemented (i.e. 50-75% of initiatives implemented including some high priorities)

All or nearly all implemented (over 75% of initiatives including most or all high priority initiatives are implemented)

Other (please specify)

2. Additional comments on the state of planning implementation in your region (optional):

CHALLENGES AND BARRIERS TO IMPLEMENTATION

3. Please indicate the extent to which you believe the following factors have been challenges or even barriers to implementing plans in your region.

	Not a challenge	Not a major challenge	Neutral or unsure	Somewhat of a challenge	A major challenge
Various communities/individuals disagree about which project(s) should be started first (disagreement on priorities)	*3. Please indicate the extent to which you believe the following factors have been challenges or even barriers to implementing plans in your region. Various communities/individuals disagree about which project(s) should be started first (disagreement on priorities) Not a challenge	Various communities/individuals disagree about which project(s) should be started first (disagreement on priorities) Not a major challenge	Various communities/individuals disagree about which project(s) should be started first (disagreement on priorities) Neutral or unsure	Various communities/individuals disagree about which project(s) should be started first (disagreement on priorities) Somewhat of a challenge	Various communities/individuals disagree about which project(s) should be started first (disagreement on priorities) A major challenge
Poor communication between communities and groups involved in the planning process	Poor communication between communities and groups involved in the planning process Not a challenge	Poor communication between communities and groups involved in the planning process Not a major challenge	Poor communication between communities and groups involved in the planning process Neutral or unsure	Poor communication between communities and groups involved in the planning process Somewhat of a challenge	Poor communication between communities and groups involved in the planning process A major challenge
Unequal opportunities for different communities to provide their opinions and have input within the planning process	Unequal opportunities for different communities to provide their opinions and have input within the planning process Not a challenge	Unequal opportunities for different communities to provide their opinions and have input within the planning process Not a major challenge	Unequal opportunities for different communities to provide their opinions and have input within the planning process Neutral or unsure	Unequal opportunities for different communities to provide their opinions and have input within the planning process Somewhat of a challenge	Unequal opportunities for different communities to provide their opinions and have input within the planning process A major challenge
Lack of funding/limited access to financial resources	Lack of funding/limited access to financial resources Not a challenge	Lack of funding/limited access to financial resources Not a major challenge	Lack of funding/limited access to financial resources Neutral or unsure	Lack of funding/limited access to financial resources Somewhat of a challenge	Lack of funding/limited access to financial resources A major challenge
Lack of technical expertise and leadership skills	Lack of technical expertise and leadership skills Not a challenge	Lack of technical expertise and leadership skills Not a major challenge	Lack of technical expertise and leadership skills Neutral or unsure	Lack of technical expertise and leadership skills Somewhat of a challenge	Lack of technical expertise and leadership skills A major challenge
Lack of diversity in leadership throughout the planning process	Lack of diversity in leadership throughout the planning process Not a challenge	Lack of diversity in leadership throughout the planning process Not a major challenge	Lack of diversity in leadership throughout the planning process Neutral or unsure	Lack of diversity in leadership throughout the planning process Somewhat of a challenge	Lack of diversity in leadership throughout the planning process A major challenge
Lack of human resources (staff and/or volunteers)	Lack of human resources (staff and/or volunteers) Not a challenge	Lack of human resources (staff and/or volunteers) Not a major challenge	Lack of human resources (staff and/or volunteers) Neutral or unsure	Lack of human resources (staff and/or volunteers) Somewhat of a challenge	Lack of human resources (staff and/or volunteers) A major challenge
Lack of interest, involvement or support for the planning process from community members and the community at large	Lack of interest, involvement or support for the planning process from community members and the community at large Not a challenge	Lack of interest, involvement or support for the planning process from community members and the community at large Not a major challenge	Lack of interest, involvement or support for the planning process from community members and the community at large Neutral or unsure	Lack of interest, involvement or support for the planning process from community members and the community at large Somewhat of a challenge	Lack of interest, involvement or support for the planning process from community members and the community at large A major challenge
Lack of prioritization of objectives and/or initiatives	Lack of prioritization of objectives and/or initiatives Not a challenge	Lack of prioritization of objectives and/or initiatives Not a major challenge	Lack of prioritization of objectives and/or initiatives Neutral or unsure	Lack of prioritization of objectives and/or initiatives Somewhat of a challenge	Lack of prioritization of objectives and/or initiatives A major challenge
Absence of an implementation/action strategy within the plan (e.g. budget, timelines, designation of responsibilities)	Absence of an implementation/action strategy within the plan (e.g. budget, timelines, designation of responsibilities) Not a challenge	Absence of an implementation/action strategy within the plan (e.g. budget, timelines, designation of responsibilities) Not a major challenge	Absence of an implementation/action strategy within the plan (e.g. budget, timelines, designation of responsibilities) Neutral or unsure	Absence of an implementation/action strategy within the plan (e.g. budget, timelines, designation of responsibilities) Somewhat of a challenge	Absence of an implementation/action strategy within the plan (e.g. budget, timelines, designation of responsibilities) A major challenge
Lack of monitoring and evaluation in the planning and implementation process	Lack of monitoring and evaluation in the planning and implementation process Not a challenge	Lack of monitoring and evaluation in the planning and implementation process Not a major challenge	Lack of monitoring and evaluation in the planning and implementation process Neutral or unsure	Lack of monitoring and evaluation in the planning and implementation process Somewhat of a challenge	Lack of monitoring and evaluation in the planning and implementation process A major challenge
Over-adherence to the written plan (i.e. lack of adaptation to changing circumstances)	Over-adherence to the written plan (i.e. lack of adaptation to changing circumstances) Not a challenge	Over-adherence to the written plan (i.e. lack of adaptation to changing circumstances) Not a major challenge	Over-adherence to the written plan (i.e. lack of adaptation to changing circumstances) Neutral or unsure	Over-adherence to the written plan (i.e. lack of adaptation to changing circumstances) Somewhat of a challenge	Over-adherence to the written plan (i.e. lack of adaptation to changing circumstances) A major challenge

Other (please specify)

GOOD PRACTICES IN PLANNING THAT FACILITATE IMPLEMENTATION

4. Please indicate the extent to which you believe the following practices have been beneficial and have helped in ensuring implementation of plans in your region.

	Not beneficial	Not very beneficial	Neutral or unsure	Somewhat beneficial	A major benefit
A shared vision and/or goals are developed with involvement of a relatively broad range of local interests	*4. Please indicate the extent to which you believe the following practices have been beneficial and have helped in ensuring implementation of plans in your region. A shared vision and/or goals are developed with involvement of a relatively broad range of local interests Not beneficial	A shared vision and/or goals are developed with involvement of a relatively broad range of local interests Not very beneficial	A shared vision and/or goals are developed with involvement of a relatively broad range of local interests Neutral or unsure	A shared vision and/or goals are developed with involvement of a relatively broad range of local interests Somewhat beneficial	A shared vision and/or goals are developed with involvement of a relatively broad range of local interests A major benefit
Goals, objectives and initiatives are prioritized through broad-based community involvement	Goals, objectives and initiatives are prioritized through broad-based community involvement Not beneficial	Goals, objectives and initiatives are prioritized through broad-based community involvement Not very beneficial	Goals, objectives and initiatives are prioritized through broad-based community involvement Neutral or unsure	Goals, objectives and initiatives are prioritized through broad-based community involvement Somewhat beneficial	Goals, objectives and initiatives are prioritized through broad-based community involvement A major benefit
Participants from different communities identify and focus on goals that are beneficial for the entire region (in multi-community planning)	Participants from different communities identify and focus on goals that are beneficial for the entire region (in multi-community planning) Not beneficial	Participants from different communities identify and focus on goals that are beneficial for the entire region (in multi-community planning) Not very beneficial	Participants from different communities identify and focus on goals that are beneficial for the entire region (in multi-community planning) Neutral or unsure	Participants from different communities identify and focus on goals that are beneficial for the entire region (in multi-community planning) Somewhat beneficial	Participants from different communities identify and focus on goals that are beneficial for the entire region (in multi-community planning) A major benefit
Community strengths are inventoried and incorporated into the plan	Community strengths are inventoried and incorporated into the plan Not beneficial	Community strengths are inventoried and incorporated into the plan Not very beneficial	Community strengths are inventoried and incorporated into the plan Neutral or unsure	Community strengths are inventoried and incorporated into the plan Somewhat beneficial	Community strengths are inventoried and incorporated into the plan A major benefit
There are secured funds to support the planning process	There are secured funds to support the planning process Not beneficial	There are secured funds to support the planning process Not very beneficial	There are secured funds to support the planning process Neutral or unsure	There are secured funds to support the planning process Somewhat beneficial	There are secured funds to support the planning process A major benefit
Planning tasks are delegated to specific individuals in a way that recognizes and maximizes use of people’s skill sets	Planning tasks are delegated to specific individuals in a way that recognizes and maximizes use of people’s skill sets Not beneficial	Planning tasks are delegated to specific individuals in a way that recognizes and maximizes use of people’s skill sets Not very beneficial	Planning tasks are delegated to specific individuals in a way that recognizes and maximizes use of people’s skill sets Neutral or unsure	Planning tasks are delegated to specific individuals in a way that recognizes and maximizes use of people’s skill sets Somewhat beneficial	Planning tasks are delegated to specific individuals in a way that recognizes and maximizes use of people’s skill sets A major benefit
Volunteers have opportunities to develop skills that help them better engage in the planning process	Volunteers have opportunities to develop skills that help them better engage in the planning process Not beneficial	Volunteers have opportunities to develop skills that help them better engage in the planning process Not very beneficial	Volunteers have opportunities to develop skills that help them better engage in the planning process Neutral or unsure	Volunteers have opportunities to develop skills that help them better engage in the planning process Somewhat beneficial	Volunteers have opportunities to develop skills that help them better engage in the planning process A major benefit
There is a division of tasks and assigned responsibilities for implementation	There is a division of tasks and assigned responsibilities for implementation Not beneficial	There is a division of tasks and assigned responsibilities for implementation Not very beneficial	There is a division of tasks and assigned responsibilities for implementation Neutral or unsure	There is a division of tasks and assigned responsibilities for implementation Somewhat beneficial	There is a division of tasks and assigned responsibilities for implementation A major benefit
The planning process is flexible and adaptive to ongoing changes in the area	The planning process is flexible and adaptive to ongoing changes in the area Not beneficial	The planning process is flexible and adaptive to ongoing changes in the area Not very beneficial	The planning process is flexible and adaptive to ongoing changes in the area Neutral or unsure	The planning process is flexible and adaptive to ongoing changes in the area Somewhat beneficial	The planning process is flexible and adaptive to ongoing changes in the area A major benefit

Other (please specify)

5. Additional comments on good practices that facilitate plan implementation in your region (optional):

RECOMMENDATIONS

6. Please indicate the extent to which you believe the following recommendations are important practices for community and regional leaders (e.g. mayors, committee chairs, active volunteers) to follow for successful planning in your region.

	I do not agree/ not important	Not very important	Neutral or unsure	Somewhat important	I strongly agree/ very important
Generate broad-based public interest and involvement in planning by creating an inclusive environment	*6. Please indicate the extent to which you believe the following recommendations are important practices for community and regional leaders (e.g. mayors, committee chairs, active volunteers) to follow for successful planning in your region. Generate broad-based public interest and involvement in planning by creating an inclusive environment I do not agree/ not important	Generate broad-based public interest and involvement in planning by creating an inclusive environment Not very important	Generate broad-based public interest and involvement in planning by creating an inclusive environment Neutral or unsure	Generate broad-based public interest and involvement in planning by creating an inclusive environment Somewhat important	Generate broad-based public interest and involvement in planning by creating an inclusive environment I strongly agree/ very important
Include initiative prioritization and implementation planning in consultant/practitioners’ job description or terms of reference	Include initiative prioritization and implementation planning in consultant/practitioners’ job description or terms of reference I do not agree/ not important	Include initiative prioritization and implementation planning in consultant/practitioners’ job description or terms of reference Not very important	Include initiative prioritization and implementation planning in consultant/practitioners’ job description or terms of reference Neutral or unsure	Include initiative prioritization and implementation planning in consultant/practitioners’ job description or terms of reference Somewhat important	Include initiative prioritization and implementation planning in consultant/practitioners’ job description or terms of reference I strongly agree/ very important
Be persistent in achieving these priorities while also monitoring and adapting to changes occurring in your local and external environment	Be persistent in achieving these priorities while also monitoring and adapting to changes occurring in your local and external environment I do not agree/ not important	Be persistent in achieving these priorities while also monitoring and adapting to changes occurring in your local and external environment Not very important	Be persistent in achieving these priorities while also monitoring and adapting to changes occurring in your local and external environment Neutral or unsure	Be persistent in achieving these priorities while also monitoring and adapting to changes occurring in your local and external environment Somewhat important	Be persistent in achieving these priorities while also monitoring and adapting to changes occurring in your local and external environment I strongly agree/ very important
Monitor, evaluate and report throughout the planning and implementation process	Monitor, evaluate and report throughout the planning and implementation process I do not agree/ not important	Monitor, evaluate and report throughout the planning and implementation process Not very important	Monitor, evaluate and report throughout the planning and implementation process Neutral or unsure	Monitor, evaluate and report throughout the planning and implementation process Somewhat important	Monitor, evaluate and report throughout the planning and implementation process I strongly agree/ very important
Pursue local self-reliance in the planning and implementation process (e.g. through generating and harnessing local human and financial resources)	Pursue local self-reliance in the planning and implementation process (e.g. through generating and harnessing local human and financial resources) I do not agree/ not important	Pursue local self-reliance in the planning and implementation process (e.g. through generating and harnessing local human and financial resources) Not very important	Pursue local self-reliance in the planning and implementation process (e.g. through generating and harnessing local human and financial resources) Neutral or unsure	Pursue local self-reliance in the planning and implementation process (e.g. through generating and harnessing local human and financial resources) Somewhat important	Pursue local self-reliance in the planning and implementation process (e.g. through generating and harnessing local human and financial resources) I strongly agree/ very important
Foster community and regional pride through community-based activities such a local arts festivals, trade and craft fairs, etc.	Foster community and regional pride through community-based activities such a local arts festivals, trade and craft fairs, etc. I do not agree/ not important	Foster community and regional pride through community-based activities such a local arts festivals, trade and craft fairs, etc. Not very important	Foster community and regional pride through community-based activities such a local arts festivals, trade and craft fairs, etc. Neutral or unsure	Foster community and regional pride through community-based activities such a local arts festivals, trade and craft fairs, etc. Somewhat important	Foster community and regional pride through community-based activities such a local arts festivals, trade and craft fairs, etc. I strongly agree/ very important
Enhance regional and inter-municipal cooperation (e.g. through the establishment of a joint council or other structures and regional planning efforts)	Enhance regional and inter-municipal cooperation (e.g. through the establishment of a joint council or other structures and regional planning efforts) I do not agree/ not important	Enhance regional and inter-municipal cooperation (e.g. through the establishment of a joint council or other structures and regional planning efforts) Not very important	Enhance regional and inter-municipal cooperation (e.g. through the establishment of a joint council or other structures and regional planning efforts) Neutral or unsure	Enhance regional and inter-municipal cooperation (e.g. through the establishment of a joint council or other structures and regional planning efforts) Somewhat important	Enhance regional and inter-municipal cooperation (e.g. through the establishment of a joint council or other structures and regional planning efforts) I strongly agree/ very important

7. Other recommendations for community and regional leaders:

8. Please indicate the extent to which you believe the following recommendations are important practices for senior governments to follow for successful planning in your region.

	I do not agree/ not important	Not very important	Neutral or unsure	Somewhat important	I strongly agree/ very important
Provide support to communities demonstrating commitment to implementation (i.e. those communities that have prioritized initiatives and created some form of implementation plan)	*8. Please indicate the extent to which you believe the following recommendations are important practices for senior governments to follow for successful planning in your region. Provide support to communities demonstrating commitment to implementation (i.e. those communities that have prioritized initiatives and created some form of implementation plan) I do not agree/ not important	Provide support to communities demonstrating commitment to implementation (i.e. those communities that have prioritized initiatives and created some form of implementation plan) Not very important	Provide support to communities demonstrating commitment to implementation (i.e. those communities that have prioritized initiatives and created some form of implementation plan) Neutral or unsure	Provide support to communities demonstrating commitment to implementation (i.e. those communities that have prioritized initiatives and created some form of implementation plan) Somewhat important	Provide support to communities demonstrating commitment to implementation (i.e. those communities that have prioritized initiatives and created some form of implementation plan) I strongly agree/ very important
Facilitate improved communication between communities and senior levels of government	Facilitate improved communication between communities and senior levels of government I do not agree/ not important	Facilitate improved communication between communities and senior levels of government Not very important	Facilitate improved communication between communities and senior levels of government Neutral or unsure	Facilitate improved communication between communities and senior levels of government Somewhat important	Facilitate improved communication between communities and senior levels of government I strongly agree/ very important
Assign an agency responsibility for support of local level planning (e.g. a regionally minded government agency that has authority, responsibility, and adequate resources to support strategic planning)	Assign an agency responsibility for support of local level planning (e.g. a regionally minded government agency that has authority, responsibility, and adequate resources to support strategic planning) I do not agree/ not important	Assign an agency responsibility for support of local level planning (e.g. a regionally minded government agency that has authority, responsibility, and adequate resources to support strategic planning) Not very important	Assign an agency responsibility for support of local level planning (e.g. a regionally minded government agency that has authority, responsibility, and adequate resources to support strategic planning) Neutral or unsure	Assign an agency responsibility for support of local level planning (e.g. a regionally minded government agency that has authority, responsibility, and adequate resources to support strategic planning) Somewhat important	Assign an agency responsibility for support of local level planning (e.g. a regionally minded government agency that has authority, responsibility, and adequate resources to support strategic planning) I strongly agree/ very important
Fostering and supporting diversity and inclusiveness by setting up programs that are directed towards achieving these aims	Fostering and supporting diversity and inclusiveness by setting up programs that are directed towards achieving these aims I do not agree/ not important	Fostering and supporting diversity and inclusiveness by setting up programs that are directed towards achieving these aims Not very important	Fostering and supporting diversity and inclusiveness by setting up programs that are directed towards achieving these aims Neutral or unsure	Fostering and supporting diversity and inclusiveness by setting up programs that are directed towards achieving these aims Somewhat important	Fostering and supporting diversity and inclusiveness by setting up programs that are directed towards achieving these aims I strongly agree/ very important
Provide financial support for implementation	Provide financial support for implementation I do not agree/ not important	Provide financial support for implementation Not very important	Provide financial support for implementation Neutral or unsure	Provide financial support for implementation Somewhat important	Provide financial support for implementation I strongly agree/ very important
Increase funding support for leadership training	Increase funding support for leadership training I do not agree/ not important	Increase funding support for leadership training Not very important	Increase funding support for leadership training Neutral or unsure	Increase funding support for leadership training Somewhat important	Increase funding support for leadership training I strongly agree/ very important
Take the role of leadership if leadership from within the community is not present	Take the role of leadership if leadership from within the community is not present I do not agree/ not important	Take the role of leadership if leadership from within the community is not present Not very important	Take the role of leadership if leadership from within the community is not present Neutral or unsure	Take the role of leadership if leadership from within the community is not present Somewhat important	Take the role of leadership if leadership from within the community is not present I strongly agree/ very important

9. Other recommendations for provincial and federal governments:

10. Please indicate the extent to which you believe the following recommendations are important practices for planning practitioners (e.g. consultants, planning staff and volunteers) to follow for successful planning in your region.

	I do not agree/ not important	Not very important	Neutral or unsure	Somewhat important	I strongly agree/ very important
Assess and build on the unique assets and strengths of each community and region	*10. Please indicate the extent to which you believe the following recommendations are important practices for planning practitioners (e.g. consultants, planning staff and volunteers) to follow for successful planning in your region. Assess and build on the unique assets and strengths of each community and region I do not agree/ not important	Assess and build on the unique assets and strengths of each community and region Not very important	Assess and build on the unique assets and strengths of each community and region Neutral or unsure	Assess and build on the unique assets and strengths of each community and region Somewhat important	Assess and build on the unique assets and strengths of each community and region I strongly agree/ very important
Build initiative prioritization and action plans into planning documents	Build initiative prioritization and action plans into planning documents I do not agree/ not important	Build initiative prioritization and action plans into planning documents Not very important	Build initiative prioritization and action plans into planning documents Neutral or unsure	Build initiative prioritization and action plans into planning documents Somewhat important	Build initiative prioritization and action plans into planning documents I strongly agree/ very important
Conduct human resources assessment early in the planning process to identify local labour market and volunteer characteristics, including local knowledge and skills	Conduct human resources assessment early in the planning process to identify local labour market and volunteer characteristics, including local knowledge and skills I do not agree/ not important	Conduct human resources assessment early in the planning process to identify local labour market and volunteer characteristics, including local knowledge and skills Not very important	Conduct human resources assessment early in the planning process to identify local labour market and volunteer characteristics, including local knowledge and skills Neutral or unsure	Conduct human resources assessment early in the planning process to identify local labour market and volunteer characteristics, including local knowledge and skills Somewhat important	Conduct human resources assessment early in the planning process to identify local labour market and volunteer characteristics, including local knowledge and skills I strongly agree/ very important
Recognize and seek ways to incorporate local residents’ knowledge and expertise in the construction of the planning document	Recognize and seek ways to incorporate local residents’ knowledge and expertise in the construction of the planning document I do not agree/ not important	Recognize and seek ways to incorporate local residents’ knowledge and expertise in the construction of the planning document Not very important	Recognize and seek ways to incorporate local residents’ knowledge and expertise in the construction of the planning document Neutral or unsure	Recognize and seek ways to incorporate local residents’ knowledge and expertise in the construction of the planning document Somewhat important	Recognize and seek ways to incorporate local residents’ knowledge and expertise in the construction of the planning document I strongly agree/ very important

11. Additional recommendation for enhancing planning implementation (optional):

THANK YOU FOR YOUR PARTICIPATION!

Community and Regional Planning in Newfoundland and Labrador: Beyond the Document Exit this survey

What is the name of the organization you represent? (optional)

What is your position in this organization? (optional)

What region does your organization serve?

Please provide examples of plans or planning processes in your region:

1. In general, based on your observations, to what extent are plans in your region being implemented?

2. Additional comments on the state of planning implementation in your region (optional):

3. Please indicate the extent to which you believe the following factors have been challenges or even barriers to implementing plans in your region.

4. Please indicate the extent to which you believe the following practices have been beneficial and have helped in ensuring implementation of plans in your region.

5. Additional comments on good practices that facilitate plan implementation in your region (optional):

6. Please indicate the extent to which you believe the following recommendations are important practices for community and regional leaders (e.g. mayors, committee chairs, active volunteers) to follow for successful planning in your region.

7. Other recommendations for community and regional leaders:

8. Please indicate the extent to which you believe the following recommendations are important practices for senior governments to follow for successful planning in your region.

9. Other recommendations for provincial and federal governments:

10. Please indicate the extent to which you believe the following recommendations are important practices for planning practitioners (e.g. consultants, planning staff and volunteers) to follow for successful planning in your region.

11. Additional recommendation for enhancing planning implementation (optional):

Community and Regional Planning in Newfoundland and Labrador: Beyond the Document
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