Ecosystem Health and Stressors in WCVI Coastal Marine Areas

 

This survey is intended for anyone with knowledge of the West Coast of Vancouver Island (WCVI), British Columbia (see map with 6 coastal planning units). The results will help shape the development of an ocean and coastal management plan for this area, which is being developed by the Tsawalk Partnership (www.tsawalk.ca).

This particular survey's purpose is to identify what you think of the health of the WCVI coastal environment, the various pressures on it and some solutions . Links to 2 other surveys which ask questions about coastal activities, benefits, and ecological knowledge will appear at the end of this questionnaire.

This survey takes approx. 10 minutes to complete. Skip any questions you don't wish to answer. To be entered in the draw to WIN one of these prizes: EcoFan, marine binoculars, VHF radio, Sto 'n' Go BBQ, commercial crab trap, $100 cash, enter your contact information at the end of the survey.

1. Do you think it is helpful to apply the concept of ‘health’ to ecosystems?

Do you think it is helpful to apply the concept of ‘health’ to ecosystems?   Very Somewhat Not really Never Not sure

Why or why not?

2. In your opinion, what makes an ecosystem healthy?

In your opinion, what makes an ecosystem healthy?

3. How healthy do you think the marine areas of the following coastal-marine ecosystems currently are?

	Very Healthy	Somewhat Healthy	Somewhat Unhealthy	Very Unhealthy	I can't judge
Kyuquot Sound	How healthy do you think the marine areas of the following coastal-marine ecosystems currently are? Kyuquot Sound Very Healthy	Kyuquot Sound Somewhat Healthy	Kyuquot Sound Somewhat Unhealthy	Kyuquot Sound Very Unhealthy	Kyuquot Sound I can't judge
Nootka Sound	Nootka Sound Very Healthy	Nootka Sound Somewhat Healthy	Nootka Sound Somewhat Unhealthy	Nootka Sound Very Unhealthy	Nootka Sound I can't judge
Clayoquot Sound	Clayoquot Sound Very Healthy	Clayoquot Sound Somewhat Healthy	Clayoquot Sound Somewhat Unhealthy	Clayoquot Sound Very Unhealthy	Clayoquot Sound I can't judge
Barkley Sound	Barkley Sound Very Healthy	Barkley Sound Somewhat Healthy	Barkley Sound Somewhat Unhealthy	Barkley Sound Very Unhealthy	Barkley Sound I can't judge
Alberni Inlet	Alberni Inlet Very Healthy	Alberni Inlet Somewhat Healthy	Alberni Inlet Somewhat Unhealthy	Alberni Inlet Very Unhealthy	Alberni Inlet I can't judge
Ditidaht Sound	Ditidaht Sound Very Healthy	Ditidaht Sound Somewhat Healthy	Ditidaht Sound Somewhat Unhealthy	Ditidaht Sound Very Unhealthy	Ditidaht Sound I can't judge
Pacheedaht Sound	Pacheedaht Sound Very Healthy	Pacheedaht Sound Somewhat Healthy	Pacheedaht Sound Somewhat Unhealthy	Pacheedaht Sound Very Unhealthy	Pacheedaht Sound I can't judge
Offshore of surf line	Offshore of surf line Very Healthy	Offshore of surf line Somewhat Healthy	Offshore of surf line Somewhat Unhealthy	Offshore of surf line Very Unhealthy	Offshore of surf line I can't judge
Entire WCVI Area	Entire WCVI Area Very Healthy	Entire WCVI Area Somewhat Healthy	Entire WCVI Area Somewhat Unhealthy	Entire WCVI Area Very Unhealthy	Entire WCVI Area I can't judge

4. How do you think the health of these marine ecosystems is changing?

	Greatly Improving	Somewhat Improving	Not Changing	Somewhat Declining	Greatly Declining	I can't judge
Kyuquot Sound	How do you think the health of these marine ecosystems is changing? Kyuquot Sound Greatly Improving	Kyuquot Sound Somewhat Improving	Kyuquot Sound Not Changing	Kyuquot Sound Somewhat Declining	Kyuquot Sound Greatly Declining	Kyuquot Sound I can't judge
Nootka Sound	Nootka Sound Greatly Improving	Nootka Sound Somewhat Improving	Nootka Sound Not Changing	Nootka Sound Somewhat Declining	Nootka Sound Greatly Declining	Nootka Sound I can't judge
Clayoquot Sound	Clayoquot Sound Greatly Improving	Clayoquot Sound Somewhat Improving	Clayoquot Sound Not Changing	Clayoquot Sound Somewhat Declining	Clayoquot Sound Greatly Declining	Clayoquot Sound I can't judge
Barkley Sound	Barkley Sound Greatly Improving	Barkley Sound Somewhat Improving	Barkley Sound Not Changing	Barkley Sound Somewhat Declining	Barkley Sound Greatly Declining	Barkley Sound I can't judge
Alberni Inlet	Alberni Inlet Greatly Improving	Alberni Inlet Somewhat Improving	Alberni Inlet Not Changing	Alberni Inlet Somewhat Declining	Alberni Inlet Greatly Declining	Alberni Inlet I can't judge
Ditidaht Sound	Ditidaht Sound Greatly Improving	Ditidaht Sound Somewhat Improving	Ditidaht Sound Not Changing	Ditidaht Sound Somewhat Declining	Ditidaht Sound Greatly Declining	Ditidaht Sound I can't judge
Pacheedaht Sound	Pacheedaht Sound Greatly Improving	Pacheedaht Sound Somewhat Improving	Pacheedaht Sound Not Changing	Pacheedaht Sound Somewhat Declining	Pacheedaht Sound Greatly Declining	Pacheedaht Sound I can't judge
Offshore of surf line	Offshore of surf line Greatly Improving	Offshore of surf line Somewhat Improving	Offshore of surf line Not Changing	Offshore of surf line Somewhat Declining	Offshore of surf line Greatly Declining	Offshore of surf line I can't judge
Entire WCVI Area	Entire WCVI Area Greatly Improving	Entire WCVI Area Somewhat Improving	Entire WCVI Area Not Changing	Entire WCVI Area Somewhat Declining	Entire WCVI Area Greatly Declining	Entire WCVI Area I can't judge

5. If you think the ecology of these marine areas is changing, how rapidly do you think this change is occurring?

	Very Slowly	Somewhat Slowly	Moderate Rate	Somewhat Fast	Very Fast	I can't judge
Kyuquot Sound	If you think the ecology of these marine areas is changing, how rapidly do you think this change is occurring? Kyuquot Sound Very Slowly	Kyuquot Sound Somewhat Slowly	Kyuquot Sound Moderate Rate	Kyuquot Sound Somewhat Fast	Kyuquot Sound Very Fast	Kyuquot Sound I can't judge
Nootka Sound	Nootka Sound Very Slowly	Nootka Sound Somewhat Slowly	Nootka Sound Moderate Rate	Nootka Sound Somewhat Fast	Nootka Sound Very Fast	Nootka Sound I can't judge
Clayoquot Sound	Clayoquot Sound Very Slowly	Clayoquot Sound Somewhat Slowly	Clayoquot Sound Moderate Rate	Clayoquot Sound Somewhat Fast	Clayoquot Sound Very Fast	Clayoquot Sound I can't judge
Barkley Sound	Barkley Sound Very Slowly	Barkley Sound Somewhat Slowly	Barkley Sound Moderate Rate	Barkley Sound Somewhat Fast	Barkley Sound Very Fast	Barkley Sound I can't judge
Alberni Inlet	Alberni Inlet Very Slowly	Alberni Inlet Somewhat Slowly	Alberni Inlet Moderate Rate	Alberni Inlet Somewhat Fast	Alberni Inlet Very Fast	Alberni Inlet I can't judge
Ditidaht Sound	Ditidaht Sound Very Slowly	Ditidaht Sound Somewhat Slowly	Ditidaht Sound Moderate Rate	Ditidaht Sound Somewhat Fast	Ditidaht Sound Very Fast	Ditidaht Sound I can't judge
Pacheedaht Sound	Pacheedaht Sound Very Slowly	Pacheedaht Sound Somewhat Slowly	Pacheedaht Sound Moderate Rate	Pacheedaht Sound Somewhat Fast	Pacheedaht Sound Very Fast	Pacheedaht Sound I can't judge
Offshore of surf line	Offshore of surf line Very Slowly	Offshore of surf line Somewhat Slowly	Offshore of surf line Moderate Rate	Offshore of surf line Somewhat Fast	Offshore of surf line Very Fast	Offshore of surf line I can't judge
Entire WCVI Area	Entire WCVI Area Very Slowly	Entire WCVI Area Somewhat Slowly	Entire WCVI Area Moderate Rate	Entire WCVI Area Somewhat Fast	Entire WCVI Area Very Fast	Entire WCVI Area I can't judge

6. Please rank the degree of stress you think each activity exerts on the health of WCVI marine ecosystems. (Definition of Stress: although 'natural disturbances' are part of what makes biological communities healthy, 'stress' is taken here to mean pressures, forces, or disturbances that are 'exotic' in their character to what the biological community is adapted).

	Low	Medium low	Medium high	High	Don't know
Aquaculture	Please rank the degree of stress you think each activity exerts on the health of WCVI marine ecosystems. (Definition of Stress: although 'natural disturbances' are part of what makes biological communities healthy, 'stress' is taken here to mean pressures, forces, or disturbances that are 'exotic' in their character to what the biological community is adapted). Aquaculture Low	Aquaculture Medium low	Aquaculture Medium high	Aquaculture High	Aquaculture Don't know
Agriculture	Agriculture Low	Agriculture Medium low	Agriculture Medium high	Agriculture High	Agriculture Don't know
Coastline development (including float-homes)	Coastline development (including float-homes) Low	Coastline development (including float-homes) Medium low	Coastline development (including float-homes) Medium high	Coastline development (including float-homes) High	Coastline development (including float-homes) Don't know
Energy (oil/gas/methane exploration)	Energy (oil/gas/methane exploration) Low	Energy (oil/gas/methane exploration) Medium low	Energy (oil/gas/methane exploration) Medium high	Energy (oil/gas/methane exploration) High	Energy (oil/gas/methane exploration) Don't know
Energy (renewables; wave/wind/river)	Energy (renewables; wave/wind/river) Low	Energy (renewables; wave/wind/river) Medium low	Energy (renewables; wave/wind/river) Medium high	Energy (renewables; wave/wind/river) High	Energy (renewables; wave/wind/river) Don't know
Fisheries (commercial)	Fisheries (commercial) Low	Fisheries (commercial) Medium low	Fisheries (commercial) Medium high	Fisheries (commercial) High	Fisheries (commercial) Don't know
Fisheries (recreational)	Fisheries (recreational) Low	Fisheries (recreational) Medium low	Fisheries (recreational) Medium high	Fisheries (recreational) High	Fisheries (recreational) Don't know
Fisheries (subsistence)	Fisheries (subsistence) Low	Fisheries (subsistence) Medium low	Fisheries (subsistence) Medium high	Fisheries (subsistence) High	Fisheries (subsistence) Don't know
Forestry	Forestry Low	Forestry Medium low	Forestry Medium high	Forestry High	Forestry Don't know
Global change (e.g. climate)	Global change (e.g. climate) Low	Global change (e.g. climate) Medium low	Global change (e.g. climate) Medium high	Global change (e.g. climate) High	Global change (e.g. climate) Don't know
Invasive species / disease	Invasive species / disease Low	Invasive species / disease Medium low	Invasive species / disease Medium high	Invasive species / disease High	Invasive species / disease Don't know
Mining	Mining Low	Mining Medium low	Mining Medium high	Mining High	Mining Don't know
Recreation / tourism (non-extractive; e.g. kayaking)	Recreation / tourism (non-extractive; e.g. kayaking) Low	Recreation / tourism (non-extractive; e.g. kayaking) Medium low	Recreation / tourism (non-extractive; e.g. kayaking) Medium high	Recreation / tourism (non-extractive; e.g. kayaking) High	Recreation / tourism (non-extractive; e.g. kayaking) Don't know
Shipping / Boating	Shipping / Boating Low	Shipping / Boating Medium low	Shipping / Boating Medium high	Shipping / Boating High	Shipping / Boating Don't know
Watershed modification	Watershed modification Low	Watershed modification Medium low	Watershed modification Medium high	Watershed modification High	Watershed modification Don't know
Other water pollution	Other water pollution Low	Other water pollution Medium low	Other water pollution Medium high	Other water pollution High	Other water pollution Don't know

Other (please specify) or general comment

7. Please rank the relative degree of stress you think these aspects of FINFISH AQUACULTURE exert on the health of WCVI marine ecosystems

	Low	Medium low	Medium high	High	Don't know
Nutrient enrichment	Please rank the relative degree of stress you think these aspects of FINFISH AQUACULTURE exert on the health of WCVI marine ecosystems Nutrient enrichment Low	Nutrient enrichment Medium low	Nutrient enrichment Medium high	Nutrient enrichment High	Nutrient enrichment Don't know
Toxic pollutants	Toxic pollutants Low	Toxic pollutants Medium low	Toxic pollutants Medium high	Toxic pollutants High	Toxic pollutants Don't know
Habitat effects	Habitat effects Low	Habitat effects Medium low	Habitat effects Medium high	Habitat effects High	Habitat effects Don't know
Parasites / disease	Parasites / disease Low	Parasites / disease Medium low	Parasites / disease Medium high	Parasites / disease High	Parasites / disease Don't know
Genetic mixing	Genetic mixing Low	Genetic mixing Medium low	Genetic mixing Medium high	Genetic mixing High	Genetic mixing Don't know

Other (please specify) or general comment

8. Please rank the relative degree of stress you think these aspects of SHELLFISH AQUACULTURE exert on the health of WCVI marine ecosystems

	Low	Medium low	Medium high	High	Don't know
Nutrient enrichment	Please rank the relative degree of stress you think these aspects of SHELLFISH AQUACULTURE exert on the health of WCVI marine ecosystems Nutrient enrichment Low	Nutrient enrichment Medium low	Nutrient enrichment Medium high	Nutrient enrichment High	Nutrient enrichment Don't know
Toxic pollutants	Toxic pollutants Low	Toxic pollutants Medium low	Toxic pollutants Medium high	Toxic pollutants High	Toxic pollutants Don't know
Habitat effects	Habitat effects Low	Habitat effects Medium low	Habitat effects Medium high	Habitat effects High	Habitat effects Don't know
Parasites / disease	Parasites / disease Low	Parasites / disease Medium low	Parasites / disease Medium high	Parasites / disease High	Parasites / disease Don't know
Genetic mixing	Genetic mixing Low	Genetic mixing Medium low	Genetic mixing Medium high	Genetic mixing High	Genetic mixing Don't know

Other (please specify) or general comment

9. Please rank the relative degree of stress you think these aspects of SHIPPING and BOATING exert on the health of WCVI marine ecosystems.

	Low	Medium low	Medium high	High	Don't know
Antifouling paint	Please rank the relative degree of stress you think these aspects of SHIPPING and BOATING exert on the health of WCVI marine ecosystems. Antifouling paint Low	Antifouling paint Medium low	Antifouling paint Medium high	Antifouling paint High	Antifouling paint Don't know
Discrete oil spills	Discrete oil spills Low	Discrete oil spills Medium low	Discrete oil spills Medium high	Discrete oil spills High	Discrete oil spills Don't know
Fuel and oil leakage	Fuel and oil leakage Low	Fuel and oil leakage Medium low	Fuel and oil leakage Medium high	Fuel and oil leakage High	Fuel and oil leakage Don't know
Oil dumping and burning	Oil dumping and burning Low	Oil dumping and burning Medium low	Oil dumping and burning Medium high	Oil dumping and burning High	Oil dumping and burning Don't know
Invasive species transport	Invasive species transport Low	Invasive species transport Medium low	Invasive species transport Medium high	Invasive species transport High	Invasive species transport Don't know
Sewage effluent	Sewage effluent Low	Sewage effluent Medium low	Sewage effluent Medium high	Sewage effluent High	Sewage effluent Don't know
Noise pollution	Noise pollution Low	Noise pollution Medium low	Noise pollution Medium high	Noise pollution High	Noise pollution Don't know
Other pollution	Other pollution Low	Other pollution Medium low	Other pollution Medium high	Other pollution High	Other pollution Don't know

Other (please specify) or general comment

10. Please rank the relative degree of stress you think these aspects of ENERGY RELATED ACTIVITIES exert on the health of WCVI marine ecosystems.

	Low	Medium low	Medium high	High	Don't know
Hydropower	Please rank the relative degree of stress you think these aspects of ENERGY RELATED ACTIVITIES exert on the health of WCVI marine ecosystems. Hydropower Low	Hydropower Medium low	Hydropower Medium high	Hydropower High	Hydropower Don't know
Offshore oil, gas, methane exploration	Offshore oil, gas, methane exploration Low	Offshore oil, gas, methane exploration Medium low	Offshore oil, gas, methane exploration Medium high	Offshore oil, gas, methane exploration High	Offshore oil, gas, methane exploration Don't know
Tanker traffic	Tanker traffic Low	Tanker traffic Medium low	Tanker traffic Medium high	Tanker traffic High	Tanker traffic Don't know
Wave energy development	Wave energy development Low	Wave energy development Medium low	Wave energy development Medium high	Wave energy development High	Wave energy development Don't know
Wind energy development	Wind energy development Low	Wind energy development Medium low	Wind energy development Medium high	Wind energy development High	Wind energy development Don't know
Other renewables	Other renewables Low	Other renewables Medium low	Other renewables Medium high	Other renewables High	Other renewables Don't know

Other (please specify) or general comment

11. Please rank the relative degree of stress you think these aspects of FISHING exert on the health of WCVI marine ecosystems.

	Low	Medium low	Medium high	High	Don't know
Overfishing	Please rank the relative degree of stress you think these aspects of FISHING exert on the health of WCVI marine ecosystems. Overfishing Low	Overfishing Medium low	Overfishing Medium high	Overfishing High	Overfishing Don't know
Bycatch	Bycatch Low	Bycatch Medium low	Bycatch Medium high	Bycatch High	Bycatch Don't know
Habitat damage	Habitat damage Low	Habitat damage Medium low	Habitat damage Medium high	Habitat damage High	Habitat damage Don't know
Illegal & unreported catch	Illegal & unreported catch Low	Illegal & unreported catch Medium low	Illegal & unreported catch Medium high	Illegal & unreported catch High	Illegal & unreported catch Don't know
Pollution	Pollution Low	Pollution Medium low	Pollution Medium high	Pollution High	Pollution Don't know
Processing	Processing Low	Processing Medium low	Processing Medium high	Processing High	Processing Don't know

Other (please specify) or general comment

12. Please rank the relative degree of stress you think these aspects of GLOBAL CHANGE exert on the health of WCVI marine ecosystems.

	Low	Medium low	Medium high	High	Don't know
Changes in productivity & upwelling	Please rank the relative degree of stress you think these aspects of GLOBAL CHANGE exert on the health of WCVI marine ecosystems. Changes in productivity & upwelling Low	Changes in productivity & upwelling Medium low	Changes in productivity & upwelling Medium high	Changes in productivity & upwelling High	Changes in productivity & upwelling Don't know
Lowered oxygen in ocean	Lowered oxygen in ocean Low	Lowered oxygen in ocean Medium low	Lowered oxygen in ocean Medium high	Lowered oxygen in ocean High	Lowered oxygen in ocean Don't know
Ocean acidification	Ocean acidification Low	Ocean acidification Medium low	Ocean acidification Medium high	Ocean acidification High	Ocean acidification Don't know
Salinity changes	Salinity changes Low	Salinity changes Medium low	Salinity changes Medium high	Salinity changes High	Salinity changes Don't know
Sea level rise & coastal inundation	Sea level rise & coastal inundation Low	Sea level rise & coastal inundation Medium low	Sea level rise & coastal inundation Medium high	Sea level rise & coastal inundation High	Sea level rise & coastal inundation Don't know
Snowpack and precipitation changes	Snowpack and precipitation changes Low	Snowpack and precipitation changes Medium low	Snowpack and precipitation changes Medium high	Snowpack and precipitation changes High	Snowpack and precipitation changes Don't know
Storm activity changes (frequency & magnitude)	Storm activity changes (frequency & magnitude) Low	Storm activity changes (frequency & magnitude) Medium low	Storm activity changes (frequency & magnitude) Medium high	Storm activity changes (frequency & magnitude) High	Storm activity changes (frequency & magnitude) Don't know
Water temperature changes	Water temperature changes Low	Water temperature changes Medium low	Water temperature changes Medium high	Water temperature changes High	Water temperature changes Don't know
Associated biological changes	Associated biological changes Low	Associated biological changes Medium low	Associated biological changes Medium high	Associated biological changes High	Associated biological changes Don't know

Other (please specify) or general comment

13. Please rank the relative degree of stress you think these aspects of FORESTRY exert on the health of WCVI marine ecosystems.

	Low	Medium low	Medium high	High	Don't know
Changes in water runoff	Please rank the relative degree of stress you think these aspects of FORESTRY exert on the health of WCVI marine ecosystems. Changes in water runoff Low	Changes in water runoff Medium low	Changes in water runoff Medium high	Changes in water runoff High	Changes in water runoff Don't know
Debris in rivers	Debris in rivers Low	Debris in rivers Medium low	Debris in rivers Medium high	Debris in rivers High	Debris in rivers Don't know
Erosion and sediment runoff	Erosion and sediment runoff Low	Erosion and sediment runoff Medium low	Erosion and sediment runoff Medium high	Erosion and sediment runoff High	Erosion and sediment runoff Don't know
Forest biodiversity loss	Forest biodiversity loss Low	Forest biodiversity loss Medium low	Forest biodiversity loss Medium high	Forest biodiversity loss High	Forest biodiversity loss Don't know
Log booms	Log booms Low	Log booms Medium low	Log booms Medium high	Log booms High	Log booms Don't know
Nutrient changes	Nutrient changes Low	Nutrient changes Medium low	Nutrient changes Medium high	Nutrient changes High	Nutrient changes Don't know
Road construction	Road construction Low	Road construction Medium low	Road construction Medium high	Road construction High	Road construction Don't know
Water temp changes	Water temp changes Low	Water temp changes Medium low	Water temp changes Medium high	Water temp changes High	Water temp changes Don't know

Other (please specify) or general comment

14. Please rank the relative degree of stress you think these aspects of WATERSHED MODIFICATION exert on the health of WCVI marine ecosystems.

	Low	Medium low	Medium high	HIgh	Don't know
Agriculture	Please rank the relative degree of stress you think these aspects of WATERSHED MODIFICATION exert on the health of WCVI marine ecosystems. Agriculture Low	Agriculture Medium low	Agriculture Medium high	Agriculture HIgh	Agriculture Don't know
Forestry	Forestry Low	Forestry Medium low	Forestry Medium high	Forestry HIgh	Forestry Don't know
Lake & river alterations	Lake & river alterations Low	Lake & river alterations Medium low	Lake & river alterations Medium high	Lake & river alterations HIgh	Lake & river alterations Don't know
Mining	Mining Low	Mining Medium low	Mining Medium high	Mining HIgh	Mining Don't know
Roads & town expansion	Roads & town expansion Low	Roads & town expansion Medium low	Roads & town expansion Medium high	Roads & town expansion HIgh	Roads & town expansion Don't know

Other (please specify) or general comment

15. Please rank the relative degree of stress you think these sources of WATER POLLUTION exert on the health of WCVI marine ecosystems (through water pollution).

	Low	Medium low	Medium high	High	Don't know
Agriculture	Please rank the relative degree of stress you think these sources of WATER POLLUTION exert on the health of WCVI marine ecosystems (through water pollution). Agriculture Low	Agriculture Medium low	Agriculture Medium high	Agriculture High	Agriculture Don't know
Aquaculture	Aquaculture Low	Aquaculture Medium low	Aquaculture Medium high	Aquaculture High	Aquaculture Don't know
Atmospheric emissions fallout	Atmospheric emissions fallout Low	Atmospheric emissions fallout Medium low	Atmospheric emissions fallout Medium high	Atmospheric emissions fallout High	Atmospheric emissions fallout Don't know
Energy development	Energy development Low	Energy development Medium low	Energy development Medium high	Energy development High	Energy development Don't know
Forestry	Forestry Low	Forestry Medium low	Forestry Medium high	Forestry High	Forestry Don't know
Industrial point sources	Industrial point sources Low	Industrial point sources Medium low	Industrial point sources Medium high	Industrial point sources High	Industrial point sources Don't know
Municipal sewage	Municipal sewage Low	Municipal sewage Medium low	Municipal sewage Medium high	Municipal sewage High	Municipal sewage Don't know
Pulp and paper mills	Pulp and paper mills Low	Pulp and paper mills Medium low	Pulp and paper mills Medium high	Pulp and paper mills High	Pulp and paper mills Don't know
Recreational activities	Recreational activities Low	Recreational activities Medium low	Recreational activities Medium high	Recreational activities High	Recreational activities Don't know
Ships and boats	Ships and boats Low	Ships and boats Medium low	Ships and boats Medium high	Ships and boats High	Ships and boats Don't know
Urban runoff	Urban runoff Low	Urban runoff Medium low	Urban runoff Medium high	Urban runoff High	Urban runoff Don't know

Other (please specify) or general comment

16. What effect do you think the recovery of the following species/groups would have on the overall value of West Coast Vancouver Island marine ecosystems?

	Considerably increase	Somewhat increase	No change	Somewhat decrease	Considerable decrease	I don't know
Basking sharks	What effect do you think the recovery of the following species/groups would have on the overall value of West Coast Vancouver Island marine ecosystems? Basking sharks Considerably increase	Basking sharks Somewhat increase	Basking sharks No change	Basking sharks Somewhat decrease	Basking sharks Considerable decrease	Basking sharks I don't know
Pacific salmon	Pacific salmon Considerably increase	Pacific salmon Somewhat increase	Pacific salmon No change	Pacific salmon Somewhat decrease	Pacific salmon Considerable decrease	Pacific salmon I don't know
Sea lions	Sea lions Considerably increase	Sea lions Somewhat increase	Sea lions No change	Sea lions Somewhat decrease	Sea lions Considerable decrease	Sea lions I don't know
Seals	Seals Considerably increase	Seals Somewhat increase	Seals No change	Seals Somewhat decrease	Seals Considerable decrease	Seals I don't know
Sea otters	Sea otters Considerably increase	Sea otters Somewhat increase	Sea otters No change	Sea otters Somewhat decrease	Sea otters Considerable decrease	Sea otters I don't know
Whales	Whales Considerably increase	Whales Somewhat increase	Whales No change	Whales Somewhat decrease	Whales Considerable decrease	Whales I don't know

17. Please select the top five stressors to WCVI marine ecosystems. Also select when you think it started, how you think it is likely to change given current management approaches, and the element that you think is the most impacted by that stressor.

	Top five stressors overall	Year you think began	Likely future trend	Ecosystem element most affected
Top	AGRICULTUREAQUACULTURE – OVERALLAquaculture - Nutrient enrichmentAquaculture - Toxic pollutantsAquaculture - Habitat effectsAquaculture - Parasites / diseaseAquaculture - Genetic mixingCOASTLINE DEVELOPMENT (including float-homes)ENERGY – OVERALLEnergy – HydropowerEnergy – Offshore oil, gas, methane explorationEnergy - Tanker trafficEnergy - Wave energy developmentEnergy - Wind energy developmentEnergy - Other renewablesCOMMERCIAL FISHING – OVERALLCommercial fishing - OverfishingCommercial fishing - BycatchCommercial fishing - Habitat damageCommercial fishing - Illegal & unreported catchCommercial fishing - PollutionCommercial fishing - ProcessingRECREATIONAL FISHING - OVERALLRecreational fishing - OverfishingRecreational fishing - BycatchRecreational fishing - Habitat damageRecreational fishing - Illegal & unreported catchRecreational fishing - PollutionSUBSISTENCE FISHING - OVERALLSubsistence fishing - OverfishingSubsistence fishing - BycatchSubsistence fishing - Habitat damageSubsistence fishing - Illegal & unreported catchSubsistence fishing - PollutionFORESTRY - OVERALLForestry - Changes in water runoffForestry - Debris in riversForestry - Erosion and sediment runoffForestry - Forest biodiversity lossForestry - Log boomsForestry - Nutrient changesForestry - Road constructionForestry - Water temp changesGLOBAL CHANGE (E.G. CLIMATE) - OVERALLGlobal change - Changes in upwelling and productivityGlobal change - Lowered oxygen in oceanGlobal change - Ocean acidificationGlobal change - Salinity changesGlobal change - Sea level rise & coastal inundationGlobal change - Snowpack and precipitation changesGlobal change - Storm activity changes (frequency & magnitude)Global change - Water temperature changesGlobal change - Associated biological changesINVASIVE SPECIES / DISEASEMININGRECOVERY OF SEA OTTERSRECOVERY OF SEALS / SEA LIONSRECREATION / TOURISM (NON-EXTRACTIVE; E.G. KAYAKING)SHIPPING / BOATING – OVERALLShipping / Boating - Antifouling paintShipping / Boating - Discrete oil spillsShipping / Boating - Fuel and oil leakageShipping / Boating - Sewage effluentShipping / Boating - Noise pollutionShipping / Boating - Other pollutionWATERSHED MODIFICATION - OVERALLWatershed modification - AgricultureWatershed modification - ForestryWatershed modification - Lake and river alterationsWatershed modification - MiningWatershed modification - Urban sprawlOTHER WATER POLLUTION - OVERALLOther water pollution - AgricultureOther water pollution - AquacultureOther water pollution - Atmospheric emissions falloutOther water pollution - Energy developmentOther water pollution - ForestryOther water pollution - Industrial point sourcesOther water pollution - Municipal sewageOther water pollution - Pulp and paper millsOther water pollution - Recreational activitiesOther water pollution - Ships and boatsOther water pollution - Urban runoff Please select the top five stressors to WCVI marine ecosystems. Also select when you think it started, how you think it is likely to change given current management approaches, and the element that you think is the most impacted by that stressor.   Top   Top five stressors overall	Didn't observeI do not know2009200820072006200520042003200220012000199919981997199619951994199319921991199019891988198719861985198419831982198119801979197819771976197519741973197219711970196919681967196619651964196319621961196019591958195719561955195419531952195119501949194819471946194519441943194219411940193919381937193619351934193319321931193019291928192719261925Prior to 1925 Year you think began	Greatly improveImproveRemain the sameWorsenGreatly worsen Likely future trend	Physical environmentChemical environmentHabitat qualityPrimary &secondary productivityHarvested stock productivitySpecies and population healthBiological communities & assemblagesTrophic structure Ecosystem element most affected
2nd	AGRICULTUREAQUACULTURE – OVERALLAquaculture - Nutrient enrichmentAquaculture - Toxic pollutantsAquaculture - Habitat effectsAquaculture - Parasites / diseaseAquaculture - Genetic mixingCOASTLINE DEVELOPMENT (including float-homes)ENERGY – OVERALLEnergy – HydropowerEnergy – Offshore oil, gas, methane explorationEnergy - Tanker trafficEnergy - Wave energy developmentEnergy - Wind energy developmentEnergy - Other renewablesCOMMERCIAL FISHING – OVERALLCommercial fishing - OverfishingCommercial fishing - BycatchCommercial fishing - Habitat damageCommercial fishing - Illegal & unreported catchCommercial fishing - PollutionCommercial fishing - ProcessingRECREATIONAL FISHING - OVERALLRecreational fishing - OverfishingRecreational fishing - BycatchRecreational fishing - Habitat damageRecreational fishing - Illegal & unreported catchRecreational fishing - PollutionSUBSISTENCE FISHING - OVERALLSubsistence fishing - OverfishingSubsistence fishing - BycatchSubsistence fishing - Habitat damageSubsistence fishing - Illegal & unreported catchSubsistence fishing - PollutionFORESTRY - OVERALLForestry - Changes in water runoffForestry - Debris in riversForestry - Erosion and sediment runoffForestry - Forest biodiversity lossForestry - Log boomsForestry - Nutrient changesForestry - Road constructionForestry - Water temp changesGLOBAL CHANGE (E.G. CLIMATE) - OVERALLGlobal change - Changes in upwelling and productivityGlobal change - Lowered oxygen in oceanGlobal change - Ocean acidificationGlobal change - Salinity changesGlobal change - Sea level rise & coastal inundationGlobal change - Snowpack and precipitation changesGlobal change - Storm activity changes (frequency & magnitude)Global change - Water temperature changesGlobal change - Associated biological changesINVASIVE SPECIES / DISEASEMININGRECOVERY OF SEA OTTERSRECOVERY OF SEALS / SEA LIONSRECREATION / TOURISM (NON-EXTRACTIVE; E.G. KAYAKING)SHIPPING / BOATING – OVERALLShipping / Boating - Antifouling paintShipping / Boating - Discrete oil spillsShipping / Boating - Fuel and oil leakageShipping / Boating - Sewage effluentShipping / Boating - Noise pollutionShipping / Boating - Other pollutionWATERSHED MODIFICATION - OVERALLWatershed modification - AgricultureWatershed modification - ForestryWatershed modification - Lake and river alterationsWatershed modification - MiningWatershed modification - Urban sprawlOTHER WATER POLLUTION - OVERALLOther water pollution - AgricultureOther water pollution - AquacultureOther water pollution - Atmospheric emissions falloutOther water pollution - Energy developmentOther water pollution - ForestryOther water pollution - Industrial point sourcesOther water pollution - Municipal sewageOther water pollution - Pulp and paper millsOther water pollution - Recreational activitiesOther water pollution - Ships and boatsOther water pollution - Urban runoff 2nd   Top five stressors overall	Didn't observeI do not know2009200820072006200520042003200220012000199919981997199619951994199319921991199019891988198719861985198419831982198119801979197819771976197519741973197219711970196919681967196619651964196319621961196019591958195719561955195419531952195119501949194819471946194519441943194219411940193919381937193619351934193319321931193019291928192719261925Prior to 1925 Year you think began	Greatly improveImproveRemain the sameWorsenGreatly worsen Likely future trend	Physical environmentChemical environmentHabitat qualityPrimary &secondary productivityHarvested stock productivitySpecies and population healthBiological communities & assemblagesTrophic structure Ecosystem element most affected
3rd	AGRICULTUREAQUACULTURE – OVERALLAquaculture - Nutrient enrichmentAquaculture - Toxic pollutantsAquaculture - Habitat effectsAquaculture - Parasites / diseaseAquaculture - Genetic mixingCOASTLINE DEVELOPMENT (including float-homes)ENERGY – OVERALLEnergy – HydropowerEnergy – Offshore oil, gas, methane explorationEnergy - Tanker trafficEnergy - Wave energy developmentEnergy - Wind energy developmentEnergy - Other renewablesCOMMERCIAL FISHING – OVERALLCommercial fishing - OverfishingCommercial fishing - BycatchCommercial fishing - Habitat damageCommercial fishing - Illegal & unreported catchCommercial fishing - PollutionCommercial fishing - ProcessingRECREATIONAL FISHING - OVERALLRecreational fishing - OverfishingRecreational fishing - BycatchRecreational fishing - Habitat damageRecreational fishing - Illegal & unreported catchRecreational fishing - PollutionSUBSISTENCE FISHING - OVERALLSubsistence fishing - OverfishingSubsistence fishing - BycatchSubsistence fishing - Habitat damageSubsistence fishing - Illegal & unreported catchSubsistence fishing - PollutionFORESTRY - OVERALLForestry - Changes in water runoffForestry - Debris in riversForestry - Erosion and sediment runoffForestry - Forest biodiversity lossForestry - Log boomsForestry - Nutrient changesForestry - Road constructionForestry - Water temp changesGLOBAL CHANGE (E.G. CLIMATE) - OVERALLGlobal change - Changes in upwelling and productivityGlobal change - Lowered oxygen in oceanGlobal change - Ocean acidificationGlobal change - Salinity changesGlobal change - Sea level rise & coastal inundationGlobal change - Snowpack and precipitation changesGlobal change - Storm activity changes (frequency & magnitude)Global change - Water temperature changesGlobal change - Associated biological changesINVASIVE SPECIES / DISEASEMININGRECOVERY OF SEA OTTERSRECOVERY OF SEALS / SEA LIONSRECREATION / TOURISM (NON-EXTRACTIVE; E.G. KAYAKING)SHIPPING / BOATING – OVERALLShipping / Boating - Antifouling paintShipping / Boating - Discrete oil spillsShipping / Boating - Fuel and oil leakageShipping / Boating - Sewage effluentShipping / Boating - Noise pollutionShipping / Boating - Other pollutionWATERSHED MODIFICATION - OVERALLWatershed modification - AgricultureWatershed modification - ForestryWatershed modification - Lake and river alterationsWatershed modification - MiningWatershed modification - Urban sprawlOTHER WATER POLLUTION - OVERALLOther water pollution - AgricultureOther water pollution - AquacultureOther water pollution - Atmospheric emissions falloutOther water pollution - Energy developmentOther water pollution - ForestryOther water pollution - Industrial point sourcesOther water pollution - Municipal sewageOther water pollution - Pulp and paper millsOther water pollution - Recreational activitiesOther water pollution - Ships and boatsOther water pollution - Urban runoff 3rd   Top five stressors overall	Didn't observeI do not know2009200820072006200520042003200220012000199919981997199619951994199319921991199019891988198719861985198419831982198119801979197819771976197519741973197219711970196919681967196619651964196319621961196019591958195719561955195419531952195119501949194819471946194519441943194219411940193919381937193619351934193319321931193019291928192719261925Prior to 1925 Year you think began	Greatly improveImproveRemain the sameWorsenGreatly worsen Likely future trend	Physical environmentChemical environmentHabitat qualityPrimary &secondary productivityHarvested stock productivitySpecies and population healthBiological communities & assemblagesTrophic structure Ecosystem element most affected
4th	AGRICULTUREAQUACULTURE – OVERALLAquaculture - Nutrient enrichmentAquaculture - Toxic pollutantsAquaculture - Habitat effectsAquaculture - Parasites / diseaseAquaculture - Genetic mixingCOASTLINE DEVELOPMENT (including float-homes)ENERGY – OVERALLEnergy – HydropowerEnergy – Offshore oil, gas, methane explorationEnergy - Tanker trafficEnergy - Wave energy developmentEnergy - Wind energy developmentEnergy - Other renewablesCOMMERCIAL FISHING – OVERALLCommercial fishing - OverfishingCommercial fishing - BycatchCommercial fishing - Habitat damageCommercial fishing - Illegal & unreported catchCommercial fishing - PollutionCommercial fishing - ProcessingRECREATIONAL FISHING - OVERALLRecreational fishing - OverfishingRecreational fishing - BycatchRecreational fishing - Habitat damageRecreational fishing - Illegal & unreported catchRecreational fishing - PollutionSUBSISTENCE FISHING - OVERALLSubsistence fishing - OverfishingSubsistence fishing - BycatchSubsistence fishing - Habitat damageSubsistence fishing - Illegal & unreported catchSubsistence fishing - PollutionFORESTRY - OVERALLForestry - Changes in water runoffForestry - Debris in riversForestry - Erosion and sediment runoffForestry - Forest biodiversity lossForestry - Log boomsForestry - Nutrient changesForestry - Road constructionForestry - Water temp changesGLOBAL CHANGE (E.G. CLIMATE) - OVERALLGlobal change - Changes in upwelling and productivityGlobal change - Lowered oxygen in oceanGlobal change - Ocean acidificationGlobal change - Salinity changesGlobal change - Sea level rise & coastal inundationGlobal change - Snowpack and precipitation changesGlobal change - Storm activity changes (frequency & magnitude)Global change - Water temperature changesGlobal change - Associated biological changesINVASIVE SPECIES / DISEASEMININGRECOVERY OF SEA OTTERSRECOVERY OF SEALS / SEA LIONSRECREATION / TOURISM (NON-EXTRACTIVE; E.G. KAYAKING)SHIPPING / BOATING – OVERALLShipping / Boating - Antifouling paintShipping / Boating - Discrete oil spillsShipping / Boating - Fuel and oil leakageShipping / Boating - Sewage effluentShipping / Boating - Noise pollutionShipping / Boating - Other pollutionWATERSHED MODIFICATION - OVERALLWatershed modification - AgricultureWatershed modification - ForestryWatershed modification - Lake and river alterationsWatershed modification - MiningWatershed modification - Urban sprawlOTHER WATER POLLUTION - OVERALLOther water pollution - AgricultureOther water pollution - AquacultureOther water pollution - Atmospheric emissions falloutOther water pollution - Energy developmentOther water pollution - ForestryOther water pollution - Industrial point sourcesOther water pollution - Municipal sewageOther water pollution - Pulp and paper millsOther water pollution - Recreational activitiesOther water pollution - Ships and boatsOther water pollution - Urban runoff 4th   Top five stressors overall	Didn't observeI do not know2009200820072006200520042003200220012000199919981997199619951994199319921991199019891988198719861985198419831982198119801979197819771976197519741973197219711970196919681967196619651964196319621961196019591958195719561955195419531952195119501949194819471946194519441943194219411940193919381937193619351934193319321931193019291928192719261925Prior to 1925 Year you think began	Greatly improveImproveRemain the sameWorsenGreatly worsen Likely future trend	Physical environmentChemical environmentHabitat qualityPrimary &secondary productivityHarvested stock productivitySpecies and population healthBiological communities & assemblagesTrophic structure Ecosystem element most affected
5th	AGRICULTUREAQUACULTURE – OVERALLAquaculture - Nutrient enrichmentAquaculture - Toxic pollutantsAquaculture - Habitat effectsAquaculture - Parasites / diseaseAquaculture - Genetic mixingCOASTLINE DEVELOPMENT (including float-homes)ENERGY – OVERALLEnergy – HydropowerEnergy – Offshore oil, gas, methane explorationEnergy - Tanker trafficEnergy - Wave energy developmentEnergy - Wind energy developmentEnergy - Other renewablesCOMMERCIAL FISHING – OVERALLCommercial fishing - OverfishingCommercial fishing - BycatchCommercial fishing - Habitat damageCommercial fishing - Illegal & unreported catchCommercial fishing - PollutionCommercial fishing - ProcessingRECREATIONAL FISHING - OVERALLRecreational fishing - OverfishingRecreational fishing - BycatchRecreational fishing - Habitat damageRecreational fishing - Illegal & unreported catchRecreational fishing - PollutionSUBSISTENCE FISHING - OVERALLSubsistence fishing - OverfishingSubsistence fishing - BycatchSubsistence fishing - Habitat damageSubsistence fishing - Illegal & unreported catchSubsistence fishing - PollutionFORESTRY - OVERALLForestry - Changes in water runoffForestry - Debris in riversForestry - Erosion and sediment runoffForestry - Forest biodiversity lossForestry - Log boomsForestry - Nutrient changesForestry - Road constructionForestry - Water temp changesGLOBAL CHANGE (E.G. CLIMATE) - OVERALLGlobal change - Changes in upwelling and productivityGlobal change - Lowered oxygen in oceanGlobal change - Ocean acidificationGlobal change - Salinity changesGlobal change - Sea level rise & coastal inundationGlobal change - Snowpack and precipitation changesGlobal change - Storm activity changes (frequency & magnitude)Global change - Water temperature changesGlobal change - Associated biological changesINVASIVE SPECIES / DISEASEMININGRECOVERY OF SEA OTTERSRECOVERY OF SEALS / SEA LIONSRECREATION / TOURISM (NON-EXTRACTIVE; E.G. KAYAKING)SHIPPING / BOATING – OVERALLShipping / Boating - Antifouling paintShipping / Boating - Discrete oil spillsShipping / Boating - Fuel and oil leakageShipping / Boating - Sewage effluentShipping / Boating - Noise pollutionShipping / Boating - Other pollutionWATERSHED MODIFICATION - OVERALLWatershed modification - AgricultureWatershed modification - ForestryWatershed modification - Lake and river alterationsWatershed modification - MiningWatershed modification - Urban sprawlOTHER WATER POLLUTION - OVERALLOther water pollution - AgricultureOther water pollution - AquacultureOther water pollution - Atmospheric emissions falloutOther water pollution - Energy developmentOther water pollution - ForestryOther water pollution - Industrial point sourcesOther water pollution - Municipal sewageOther water pollution - Pulp and paper millsOther water pollution - Recreational activitiesOther water pollution - Ships and boatsOther water pollution - Urban runoff 5th   Top five stressors overall	Didn't observeI do not know2009200820072006200520042003200220012000199919981997199619951994199319921991199019891988198719861985198419831982198119801979197819771976197519741973197219711970196919681967196619651964196319621961196019591958195719561955195419531952195119501949194819471946194519441943194219411940193919381937193619351934193319321931193019291928192719261925Prior to 1925 Year you think began	Greatly improveImproveRemain the sameWorsenGreatly worsen Likely future trend	Physical environmentChemical environmentHabitat qualityPrimary &secondary productivityHarvested stock productivitySpecies and population healthBiological communities & assemblagesTrophic structure Ecosystem element most affected

Write in stressors not mentioned (rank their importance 1-5, when first observed, their future trend)

18. For each of the stressors you listed in the previous question, in what ways might that stress be reduced or eliminated, or in what ways might the health of the ecosystem may be strengthened in order to deal with stress.

For each of the stressors you listed in the previous question, in what ways might that stress be reduced or eliminated, or in what ways might the health of the ecosystem may be strengthened in order to deal with stress.   Top
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