| Heat and Thermodynamics (e.g. enthalpy, entropy) | | | | |
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| Chemical Thermodynamics (e.g. the free energy equation in a reaction, free energy and spontaneous reactions) | | | | |
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| Identifying thermodynamic factors that determine whether a process (i.e. self-assembly) will occur spontaneously | | | | |
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| The interplay between entropy and enthalpy is a direct consequence of the system trying to minimize its overall energy or reach equilibrium | | | | |
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| Chemical equilibrium is a dynamic process at the molecular level | | | | |
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| Scientific Investigation and Experimentation: Scientific progress is made by asking meaningful questions and conducting careful investigations | | | | |
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| Scientific Investigation and Experimentation: Formulate explanations by using logic and evidence | | | | |
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| Scientific Investigation and Experimentation: Recognize the usefulness and limitations of models and theories as scientific representations of reality | | | | |
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